Best Homework Help in Business, Management and Dissertation

Ethnic Diversity

2012-02-28T09:20:00.002-08:00

In this assignment writing paper we explained the basic idea for influence of ethnic diversity on the development of public programs and services. In this assignment help, we used the APA referencing style. Please do let us know if you have any query in this paper.

Ethnic diversity is the idea of having people from different backgrounds or of a different ethnicity working together for one common cause (Dreachslin, Maldonado & Dansky, 2004). It should be also considered that ethnic diversity also affects thedevelopment of public programs and services directly or indirectly. Public relations will also be affected by the ethnic diversity (Menon, 2009). Ethnic diversity can also influence the relationship with the constituent groups in the public programs. Ethnic diversity has impact on leadership role in hiring, retaining, and counseling & building relationships with diverse public that can help to build more public relations domestically & internationally (Dreachslin, Maldonado & Dansky, 2004).

In addition, ethnic diversity negatively affects the development of public programs and services. For instance, when the public programs, rules, regulation & laws will be implemented in a particular nation/country, then ethnic diversity will definitely affect the policies of government. It means, the policies & regulation cannot be successfully implemented in the nation (Menon, 2009). Core values, beliefs, attitudes and culture of the people will also affect the public policy & services. There are some positive benefits of the ethnic diversity. For example, in China, to control the population, the central government of China has implemented a law such as: nobody can birth more than one child.

On the other hand, if the government of India will implement such kind of law, then the public policies & rules will be affected by the ethnic diversity. It is so, as in India, people need social security from their children, so they will protest this law. This will be a negative impact of the ethnic diversity (Menon, 2009). Hence, it can be stated that ethnic diversity also affects the development of public programs and services positively or negatively due to differences in values, rituals and norms of different nations.

References
Dreachslin, J. L., Maldonado, R. W., & Dansky, K. H. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity and organizational behavior: a focused research agenda for health services management. Social Science & Medicine, 59, 961-971.
Menon, J. (2009). Macroeconomic management amid ethnic diversity: Fifty years of Malaysian experience. Journal of Asian Economics, 20, 25-33.

Leadership - Style Approach

2012-02-26T22:31:00.006-08:00

We have provided assignment help for all subjects. Recently we write the assignment related to leadership. In this assignment writing, we provided the detail of leadership explanation would you offer to show how the style approach works, situations do you think leaders need to be more task oriented . We also following discuss in this paper : Identify and discuss the three-skills approach and provide one workplace example where they can be very successful in a leadership process and also explain the Blake and Mouton's leadership Style in what situations are the different styles best.

According to the Style approach, leader works by managing team, complying authority, managing country club and impoverishing management. In other words, the approach would work, when the leaders apply their behavior as per the demands of the situation (Northouse, 2009). For example, in one classroom, a teacher comes, directly explains syllabus to the students and concludes the class. In another class, second teacher comes, first tries to develop understanding among the students about each other by knowing their names and then explains the topic to students.

In first situation, task oriented behavior is shown by the teachers and in another situation, relationship oriented behavior is exhibited by the teacher. After knowing the difference in the styles of teaching, both teachers can change their behavior to get better results. Leaders need to be task oriented, when there is requirement to explain the task related aspects to the followers. For example, to explain senior people, task oriented behavior should be shown by the leaders. On the other hand, leaders need to be relationship oriented, where relationship building with followers is needed. For example, to address the topics to newcomers or fresher, relationship oriented behavior should be followed by the leaders.

Three Skills-Approaches

There are three skills approach such as: technical, human and conceptual skills. These three skills approach are discussed as below:

Technical Skills: It means having the knowledge about and being proficient in specific type of work or activity. It also refers to capabilities to use appropriate tools and techniques (Rekabdar & Soleymani, 2010).
Human skills: It means having the capabilities and knowledge about and being able to work with other people.

Conceptual skills: These are the skills that leaders must have to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations (Arkın, 2004).

For instance, to successfully implement the ERP system in a business organization, an individual/leader will need technical, human and conceptual skills. Without the knowledge of these skills, he/she cannot successfully implement the ERP system in the organization.
Basically, new skills-based model of organizational leadership involves competencies, individual attributes, leadership outcomes, career experiences and environmental influences. Individual attributes element deals with general cognitive abilities, motivation and personality (Dong & Naghdy, 2007). In contrast, Competencies includes problem solving skills and social judgment skills. Leadership outcomes include performance and effective problem solving skills. So, in this manner, the new skills-based model of organizational leadership extends the knowledge of the three-skill approach (Rekabdar & Soleymani, 2010).

Blake and Mouton's leadership Style

Country club leadership
This style of leadership is used to increase the work performance of the employees. Leader has a high concern for the people, but a low concern on the production. The leader probably supposes that the member of team will work hard if they feel happy & secure in the organization. Lack of direct supervision & control is problem with this style (Arvonen & Pettersson, 2002).

Middle of the Road Leadership
This leadership style has a high concern with both production and people. So, this style is used to increase the productivity of the employees. This creates an atmosphere of team spirit, where each team member is highly motivated and satisfied, which commits the worker to work hard. But, this style requires high effort of leaders (Fey, Adaeva, Vitkovskaia, 2001).

Middle of the Road Leadership
In this style of leadership, a leader tries to balance between the need of the workers and goals of the company. Balance attained by this style is its advantage. Disadvantage is that neither the production nor the people needs are fully met.

Impoverished Leadership
This is an ineffective style, because the leader does not create efficient system or rules to structure work process to the workers and not create motivated or satisfied work environment (Fey, Adaeva, Vitkovskaia, 2001).

References
Arkın, F. (2004). Programme evaluation: Skill-based language teaching approach in EFL. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 3339-3350
Arvonen, J. & Pettersson, P. (2002). Leadership behaviours as predictors of cost and change effectiveness. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 18, 101-112.
Dong, S. & Naghdy, F. (2007). Application of hidden Markov model to acquisition of manipulation skills from haptic rendered virtual environment. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 23, 351-360.
Fey, C. F., Adaeva, M., Vitkovskaia, A. (2001). Developing a model of leadership styles: what works best in Russia? International Business Review, 10, 615-643.
Northouse, P.G. (2009). Leadership: Theory and Practice. (5th edn). USA: SAGE.
Rekabdar, G. & Soleymani, B. (2010). Comparison of Basic Mathematic Skills between Students with Different Studying Approaches. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 8, 213-218.

Internal Analysis Eu Yan Sang

2012-01-23T06:58:00.000-08:00

Key Internal issues: Key internal issues are also analyzed under the internal analysis of the firm to attain the organizational goals and objectives. In this, various issues are assessed those have impact on the organizational growth and success along with strategies of the organization. In this, key issues related to poor quality of the products are founded under the internal analysis of the firm. In this, issues related to poor hygiene factors are also faced by the firm currently that has negative impact on the business (Corporate report, 2000).

Poor management support is also included in the issues of the firm those are faced by the organization internally. It also affects the organizational success and management in positive and negative manner. In this, management of the Eu Yan Sang is not so effective due to lack of new hiring. Traditional approach is followed under the management of the firm that has negative impact on the organizational growth and success (The Mark of Excellence: Eu Yan Sang International Ltd Annual report 2010, 2010).

In addition, issues related to social support and poor material relationship are also faced by the firm to run its business in the competitive market. It is damaging image and growth of the firm negatively in the international market (Corporate report, 2000). Along with this, level of debt is also included in the issues of the firm those are relevant with the organizational growth and goals and objectives. At the same time, level of debt of the firm is decreasing from the last year that is a positive sign that indicates to the success of the firm (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2009).

Need Management Assignment Help - Send you Query at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Use of Data to Reduce Variation in Process

2012-01-11T22:17:00.000-08:00

Assignment Help Experts New Blog Post - Data used in the process is quite important to the statisticians, quality managers, Six Sigma Green and Black belts and other improvement professionals that have participated in the process. Organizations might use data within internal environment for reducing variation in the process. It might use data with fundamental concept of algorithm that is helpful to reduce variation through step by step procedure. Algorithm increases knowledge about how a process acts and behaves as a cost effective change that is significant to reduce variation (Scholtes, Joiner & Streibel, 2003). The collected data is used by the organization to define new system. An effective data sharing is useful to share data within the organization that reduces variations in different organizational processes.

At the same time, the organization might use data for statistical thinking with the help of statistical process control that reduces process variability. The data can be used for making chart for the organizational system and quality parameters. Reduction in process variation is quite important for the organization to improve quality system and performance and to meet customers’ expectation (Kaira, 2011). Six Sigma approach is a statistical technique that measures variation through using data for a process. Statistical thinking is significant due to its three key elements that include process variation, source of variation and use of data etc.

From the reduction in process variation, the result will not be in terms of yield. It is because; yield is the amount that returns the security of owners. In addition, Yield does not contain the price variation, if there is difference between total returns. It is the return of investment such as interest and dividend, but does not reduce the variation in the process (Bhunia & Mukhopadhyay, 2010). Generally, it is carried on the basis of percentages on cost of investment. By reducing the process, the results are not considered as yield, but results affect the yield.

References
Bhunia, S. & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2010). Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon. USA: Springer.
Kaira, J. (2011). Medical Errors and Patient Safety: Strategies to Reduce and Disclose Medical Errors and Improve Patient Safety. Germany: Walter de Gruyter.
Scholtes, P.R., Joiner, B.L. & Streibel, B.J. (2003). The Team Handbook. (3rd ed.). Oriel Incorporated.

Opportunity Identification for Knowledge Management System

2012-01-03T01:05:00.000-08:00

There is a huge opportunity for Nokia to make more effective and useful knowledge management system to manage their tacit knowledge in order to improve their business strategies and goals in domestic as well as in international market. In today’s competitive world, Nokia faces challenges from different companies; knowledge management system can help the company to improve their basic knowledge and skill in order to compete with the other organization in the market (Liyanage, Wink and Nordberg 2007).

In the future, company has the opportunity to change its culture in order to share the knowledge about process and product development among the employees and management level executives. It can help Nokia to create a knowledge sharing company by designing a flat, networked, global and multi-culture organization. That can help company to grow in the international market and also helpful in increase in speed, flexibility and opportunity to create more innovation in R&D and development of products. Nokia can also use knowledge management system to motivate employees and management level executives in terms of creating, sharing and reusing knowledge of employees (Mylonopoulos 2004).

In order to manage tacit knowledge of Nokia, knowledge management system can use in develop the understanding about customers needs and demand in the market. It can also helpful to produce products and services according them. Implementation of knowledge management system can create the opportunity for Nokia to take full advantages of the differentiation of products and services. It can also helpful to cover large market share in short time and also helpful to compete in the market. An effective knowledge management system can also be helpful for Nokia to share common vision among the employees and executive level employees (Liyanage, Wink and Nordberg 2007). It can be helpful for the company to improve their performance and also helpful to communicate with other employees in the organization.

Nokia has a good opportunity to establish more effective information and knowledge management activities in the production and processes that help company to create more sustainable competitive environment in the market and also helpful to motivate employees to achieve performance and business strategy in the future. Knowledge management system also has an opportunity in Nokia to increase the knowledge of employees to understand the tastes of local people and customers regarding products and services in the local market. It helps company to develop their local skills and knowledge and also helpful to create trust between employees to share their knowledge with each other (Mylonopoulos 2004). In order to manage Nokia’s tacit knowledge in effective manner, knowledge management system can helpful to the employees to share a common vision and create interest in producing good products through innovation and improvisation.

Need Assignment or Any Business Help Please send your query at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or you can call us at following free toll free numbers;

USA/Canada Toll Free Phone: 1-877-839-9989
UK Toll Free Phone: 44-808-189-1311

Marketing Strategy

2011-12-22T08:40:00.000-08:00

According to Moore and Pareek (2009), marketing is one of the important functions of any business besides other functions such as R&D, Finance, IT, Operation, Production, and Human Resource (HR). Function of marketing in organizations is directly related with attraction and retention of customers in comparison of other functions that focus on managing internal matters of organizations.

To develop the marketing function effectively, firms choose appropriate marketing strategies. Role of marketing strategies is important for organizations. According to Silk (2006), marketing strategies can be divided into two parts such as selection of an appropriate segmentation, targeting, positioning, and selection of a suitable marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion). In both marketing and marketing strategies, role of advertisement is very critical as advertisement is one of the important tools among other tools such as sales promotion, marketing research, distribution and pricing of marketing.

According to Slater, Hult and Oslan (2010), marketing strategies are the combination of marketing mix, positioning, targeting and segmentation that helps the organization to create competitive advantages from the international market. With the help of effective marketing strategy, organization can attract the customers for the products and services.

In the research study, researchers also argued that marketing strategies plays an effective role in the organization to face various resources and utilize different opportunities. At the same time Rosier, Morgan and Cadogan (2010) has supported the argument of Slater, Hult and Oslan (2010) that marketing strategy starts with a detailed and creative assessment of organization’s capabilities in order to achieve organizational goals. In the research, researchers argued that marketing strategies helps the organization to increase in strengths in order to increase in competition in international market.

Effective and Ineffective advertisement

2011-12-15T00:04:00.000-08:00

This post is provided by Assignment Help Experts. Advertisement describes all the fact and feature related to the product and service. Television is an effective media for capturing the market. Today lot of companies gives their advertisement on the television to increase awareness among the customers. Advertisements have different features and message regarding the product or service and the company.

Today FedEx’s trucks ad is more effective because it convey its message very clearly and provides all the information related to size, capacity etc. Nike’s ad is also attractive because it uses humor in its ad that makes it effective (Spoonfed Design, 2008). Coca-Cola targets the youth and it also shows it in its ad that makes it effective. The presentations and information of Coca-Cola’s ad determines its effectiveness. So, these are some effective advertisements those support the high success and growth of the firm in the competitive marketplace.

In the marketplace, there are some ineffective advertisements also presented. The advertisement of Zungui Haixi Corp is ineffective that is a footwear manufacturer Company. Advertisement of the company is least effective because it provides less information about its product. Dole is a largest food based company (Dole, 2011). The advertisement of this company is also not so effective because of using ineffective and irrelevant advertisement tools and messages.

The advertisement of Marcus is also not effective. It’s a food company and provides less information about the product in its advertisement. These advertisements are really ineffective. Less information, ineffective presentation, poor contains, irrelevant message etc. are the factor that are presented in above discussed advertisement that are captured at the time of recalling and these make the ad ineffective.

References;
Dole. (2011). Retrieved May 6, 2011 from http://www.dole.com/AboutDole/tabid/1255/Default.aspx#
Spoonfed Design. (2008). Retrieved May 6, 2011 from
http://www.spoonfeddesign.com/10-principles-of-effective-advertising.

If you have any assignment related query then please send your query at - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

You can call me at following toll free numbers;

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Justification for Knowledge Management in Organizations

2011-12-08T08:18:00.000-08:00

This blog post is provided by Assignment Help Experts. Knowledge management system is an important part of any organization to manage their knowledge and information to motivate employees towards the products and also helpful to create effective production and processes that lead innovation and product development. The arguments for justification for this business case are as follow:

Provide Motivation for Employees:

An effective knowledge management system is helpful to motivate employees in their work. It helps to improve employees’ skills and knowledge towards the products and services. It is because; knowledge management system provides the platform for the employees to share their knowledge and experience with other employees or management level employees in the organization. With the implementation of knowledge management system, Nokia increases the knowledge and improve their innovation activities and capabilities to design and produce a new product for the customers in the market (Jawadekar 2011).
Business strategy of Nokia is to develop the relationship with Microsoft Corp. to create effective ecosystem for the customers. With the help of Microsoft Corp, Nokia can increase the knowledge of employees to provide training in order to better assessment of new technology and products. It can helpful for the company to motivate employees towards the customer satisfaction. This can help company to create competitive advantages from the international market (Marks 2002).

Identify Best Practices:

In support of implementation of effective knowledge management system in the company, it is argued that KMS helps the company to identify their best practices in the international market. It helps the company to create effective innovation and also helpful to sustain their market share. Knowledge management system is also helpful for the organization to find out the way to how work actually gets done in the organization. It helps the company to create effective their processes from innovation to produce or market their products in the international market (Dalkir 2005).

Reduce Substitutes:

With the help of effective KMS, Nokia can reduce the substitutes and competitors in international market. It is because; in nature tacit knowledge is a sticky process that resists the transfer to new group or settings. That helps the company to save their tacit knowledge and creates the challenges for others to gain or achieve company’s tactic knowledge. An effective KMS also helps the company to increase in ability to innovate of different products and provide effective services to the customers in the domestic as well as in international market (Jawadekar 2011). An effective KMS helps the company to establish a policy that creates sustainable market environment for the company to survive in the international market.

If you have any assignment related query then please send your query at - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

You can call me at following toll free numbers;

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Knowledge Management

2011-12-06T04:24:00.000-08:00

In today’s perspective, most of the organizations use knowledge management in order to reduce the competitive pressure and achieve their long term goals and objectives. In today’s competitive world, it is essential for all the organization to increase their knowledge and information to compete with other organization not only in same industry but also from other industries (Stary and Hawamdeh 2007). Increased information and knowledge management helps the organization to create innovate products in the market that attract more customers and enhance the market image in the international market

Nokia followed knowledge management in order to achieve the goals and objectives in long term. Knowledge management helps Nokia to move from hierarchical structure to a network based learning organization. The knowledge management system of Nokia supports the strategic goals and objectives that are achieve global efficiency and effectiveness, learning across organizational boundaries and create local flexibility and responsiveness. In order to achieve strategies goals and objectives, company listens carefully to the voice of customers. It helps the company to provide more effective products to the customers in international market (Nokia 2011).

Nokia applied their knowledge management system to encourage innovation in its R&D and product development functions. It helps the company to provide latest technological products to the customer at low time. It is also helpful for the company to remain competitive in the international market. Strategies of Nokia are more focuses on to create new strategic direction that includes the change in leadership and operational structure in order to create effective organizational speed to attract more customers in a competitive world (Nokia 2011). In the strategy, Nokia also focuses on build strategic relationship with Microsoft Corp. to establish a new winning mobile ecosystem. Nokia’s strategy also includes the investments in different next generation technologies to capture and development of next generation customers towards the products and services at international market (Scullion and Collings 2010).

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment and Dissertation Help Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Send Assignment Query at - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

You can call me at following toll free numbers;

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References;

Scullion, H. and Collings, D. G. (2010) Global Talent Management. UK: Taylor & Francis.

Nokia (2011) About Nokia. [Online]. Avaliable at: http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company [Accessed: 1 October 2011].

Stary, C. and Hawamdeh, S. A. (2007) Knowledge management: innovation, technology and cultures : proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Knowledge Management, Vienna, Austria, 27-28 August 2007. UK: World Scientific.

Merger and Acquisition and Performance of Companies

2011-12-01T23:01:00.000-08:00

Delaney & Wamuziri (2004) examines the impact of Merger and Acquisition on shareholders wealth in the UK construction industry with a sample of target firms and bidding firms. They investigate the financial performance of the companies during the merger announcement and after the merger (Delaney & Wamuziri 2004). This study includes an observation period of 20 days before and 20 day after the merger to examine the impact of merger on performance of the companies. In order to evaluate the financial performance, the accounting data has been used as tool of analysis in this study. Delaney & Wamuziri (2004) states that the M&A has generate significant positive gains for the target company’s shareholders in terms of increase in stock price.

They found that the share price of most of the target companies has increased during the announcement and after the merger. According to this study, the shareholders of most of the target companies have gained because of the M&A process (Delaney & Wamuziri 2004).

It is also found that the announcement of M&A by the target companies has given the higher abnormal return to the shareholders. On the other hand according to the Kumar (2009), the financial performance of the merged companies has showed no improvement in comparison to pre merger values. In order to evaluate the financial performance, the accounting data has been used as tool of analysis in this study.

Pazarskis, Vogiatzogloy, Christodoulou & Drogalas (2006) investigates the post merger operating performance of fifty companies that executed at least on e merger in the period from 1998 to 2002 in Greece. This study measures post merger performance of the companies with the help of financial and non financial variables. In this study, the result of the hypothesis testing of financial ratio analysis explains that the profitability, return on assets and gross profit margin ratio is decreased after the merger (Pazarskis, Vogiatzogloy, Christodoulou & Drogalas 2006). According to this study, the profitability of the companies has decreased due to the merger or acquisition event.

On the other hand according to the Delaney & Wamuziri (2004), the financial performance of the companies has increased due to the increase in shareholders’ value through increase in stock price.

References:

Cherunilam, F, 2007, International Business: Text and Cases, 4th edn, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Delaney, F.T & Wamuziri, S.C, 2004, The Impact of Merger and Acquisitions on Shareholders Wealth in the UK Construction Industry, Engineering, Construction and Architectural

Management, Vol. 11, no.1, pp. 65-73.
Kumar, R, 2009, Post Merger Corporate Performance: an Indian Perspective, School of Management, Vol. 32, no.2, pp. 145-157.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Employees Training and Development

2011-11-28T23:58:00.000-08:00

Employees Training and their development is an important aspect for organisational growth and sustainability. Aziz & Ahmad (2011) exhibits the importance of training & development programs in modern scenario.

Most of the organizations spend a huge amount to train their employees. Organizational characteristics (people, system & culture etc.), individual characteristics (personal skills & career development, learning etc.) and training program characteristics (improve the efficacy of business operations) are considered and integrated to make effective training (Aziz & Ahmad 2011).

The study of Denby (2010) also states that in the effectiveness of training, training need analysis plays an important role. On the basis of training need analysis, the efficacy of training program can be enhanced in an effective manner by providing efficient job related skills to individuals (Denby 2010).

On the other hand, the study of Noonan (2008) exhibits that proper collaboration between employees and employers enhance the effectiveness of training for employee development. It assists to enhance employee commitment towards personal and organizational development. Similarly, as discussed by Hassi and Storti (2011), training & development enhances and develops job related skills, technical skills, management skills and leadership skills etc. of individuals.

The article on the holistic approach to training (2011) exhibits that the effective training to each individual is a complex task for HR managers. In the efficacy of training programs, individuals, who have learning attitude, provide their maximum contribution for personal, professional and organizational development.

References:

Aziz, S. F. A & Ahmad, S. (2011) Stimulating training motivation using the right training characteristic. Industrial and Commercial Training, 43 (1), p. 53-61.
Denby, S. (2010) The importance of training needs analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42 (3), p. 147-150.
Hassi, A & Storti, G. (2011) Organizational training across cultures: variations in practices and attitudes. Journal of European Industrial Training, 35 (1), p. 45-70.
Noonan, J. (2008) Using collaboration tools to improve training. Industrial and Commercial Training, 40 (1), p. 51-53.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

eCommerce: What it is

2011-11-21T00:20:00.000-08:00

What is e-Commerce?

An environment in which most of the business transactions occurs through telecommunications networks, especially with the help of the internet, are known as e-commerce. Electronic commerce pertains to the buying selling process or exchanging of products, services, and information via diverse computer networks along with the internet.

In present, the internet has come forth as a key international distribution channel for goods, services, management and specialized jobs (Lancaster and Reynolds 2005). The practice of e-commerce is significantly altering economics, markets and industry composition and structure, products and services and their stream, consumer segmentation etc.

Almost all type of business related activities and consumer values has altered with emerging e-commerce practices and similar is the situation with travel and tourism industries from different parts of the world (Simpson and Docherty 2006).

E-commerce is the trend of the global marketplace that is increasingly used by the business organizations to attain maximum advantages (Bauknecht, Pröll & Werthner 2005). E-commerce is electronic sells and purchases of goods and services through the use of internet.

The increasing use of e-commerce by travel companies is helping customers to have access on more information on different companies’ diverse tourist destinations and services.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Reference
Bauknecht, K. Pröll, B & Werthner, H. (2005) E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 6th International Conference. Germany: Springer Science & Business.
Lancaster, G. & Reynolds, P. (2005) Management of Marketing. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Simpson, M & Docherty, A. (2006) E-commerce adoption support and advice for UK SMEs, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(3), p.315-328.

Managing Process, People and Projects at Bank of America

2011-11-10T22:02:00.000-08:00

In current scenario, management of process, system and project is a critical task. Organizations follow different tools and techniques to manage their business strategies, improve quality and performance. In retail banking, various procedures are used by the firms to ensure the alignment between the objectives and performance. Banking firms formulate different contingency planning and procedure to ensure a smooth flow of returns for the stakeholders. It is observed that during 2009, economic recession had impacted the performance of some well known banks that influenced their market image also (Bank of America, Annual Report 2009). In retail banking, risk management practices followed by the firms matter a lot at the time of contingent situations like, economic slowdown.

At the same time, it has been observed that some banking firms have organized themselves effectively even during adverse conditions and tried their best to come over from the clutch of economic downturn. In order to remain competitive during the tough conditions like recession, it is essential for the organizations to strengthen their management practices for managing process, systems and projects. Bank of America is selected for the discussion of process, systems and projects. The bank is the largest lender in the U.S This bank has strong relationships with around 1000 fortune companies. Bank of America offers finest financial services in the world (Bank of America, 2011). Bank of America uses effective risk management practices to manage its systems, process and projects successfully.

In 2009, the bank has introduced clarity programs, deposit customer assistance program and simplified its overdraft policies to manage the systems in a smooth manner (Bank of America, Annual Report 2009). Banking and liquidity management of this bank is also good that supports it to fulfill the expectations of all stakeholders like, clients, communities and shareholders. The bank has modified home loan and credit card to help the families during tough times. The organization is known for its business ethics of doing right things even during critical situations. Four sections will be conducted for assessing process, systems and projects management of Bank of America. In first section, analysis of strategic context, principal strategies and quality and improvement will be conducted. In next section, course of action to address the issue and justification for that course of action will be discussed. In third section, implementation and impact will be discussed. In final section, implications of implemented plans will be described.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Bank of America. (Annual Report 2009) [Online]. Available At: http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/71/71595/reports/2009_AR.pdf [Accessed: 12th January 2011]
Bank of America. (2011) [Online]. Available At: https://www.bankofamerica.com/ [Accessed: 12th January 2011]

Business Ethics

2011-11-04T06:39:00.000-07:00

Business ethics can be defined as the ethical behavior of a business to conduct its operations (Marques & Azevedo-Pereira, 2009). The ethical values in the business can be changed as per nature of the business. Business ethics mostly deals with the concept, process and practices of the organization in the business environment. Business ethics in organization requires value based leadership from the top management.

The role of business ethics has become significant in today’s challenging environment. Recent corporate scandals in the business environment increased the requirement of ethical business practices. It is very important for the organizations to follow a certain level of ethical consideration to eliminate possibility of fraud.

The stakeholder of the company plays a vital role in implementing ethical values within organization. Business ethics is quite effective to build a good public image and facilitate success in the long-term (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2009).

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Writing Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2009). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. USA: Cengage Learning.
Marques, P., & Azevedo-Pereira, J. (2009). Ethical Ideology and Ethical Judgments in the Portuguese Accounting Profession. Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 227-242.

Purpose of the Business - Reasons for Selecting this Business

2011-10-29T00:05:00.000-07:00

Purpose of the Business

The main purpose of the fast food outlet in London is to provide high quality foods at local environment with local taste. Along with this, to establish a presence in local fast food business and gain market share in the fast food industry of the UK is the aim of the business (Counihan, 2008). To fulfill this purpose, it will create unique, innovative menu and entertaining environment in outlets to differentiate the business as compared to competitors. Additionally, the main aim of this business is to provide quality foods and keep customers happy with full satisfaction.

Reasons for Selecting this Business

In present fast life, customers want fast and quick cooked foods that will increase sales and choice of fast food and would be profitable for the company (Ronald, 2008). Disposable income of customers is also increasing that is another reason of selecting this business. It will increase the enjoyment of customers that have opened new opportunities in food market. This business will offer variety of foods to customers and excellent services to ensure relaxation and comfort of customers that will attract them towards outlets. Effective services and high quality products will increase the number of customers and it will be profitable for the company.

Major Obstacles

This business would face various obstacles in launching of new restaurant such as inventory management, customer services, application of information technology, marketing and distribution strategies and capital investment etc (Counihan, 2008).

Marketing and distribution strategies: The Company would get difficulties to select appropriate marketing and distribution strategies at the time of launching (Ruteri & Xu, 2009). It will get problems in market research to identify customer taste and preferences and select right marketing and promotional strategies according to customers.

Production planning and scheduling: It will be difficult for the company to develop effective production planning due to lack of past experience and future forecast of demand (Ruteri & Xu, 2009). It is the new business and company doesn’t have any information about tastes, preferences and demands of customers’, so it will be difficult to develop planning for production.

Other Successful Organization

There are various people, companies or organizations that have been successful in fast food industry such as McDonald’s, KFC, Pizza-Hut, Burger king, Dominos’ and other local fast food outlets (Ronald, 2008). Along with this, people like James A. Skinner, CEO of McDonald’s, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman of the Board of Nestlé and other chairpersons are famous and successful personalities of fast food companies that motivates for this business.

Sources for Additional Information

To get additional information and take help in business ideas, people, websites, agencies, actual business contacts and trade associations can be used. Through these sources, valuable information, past experiences, issues in launching time, opportunities and threats can be identified that will help in developing new marketing and business development approaches (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2002). Through fast food companies’ websites, information about their product line, supply chain management, stakeholders and other services can be recognized. Through trade association, business person can develop understanding about trade rules and regulations, rules for costing, taxation and contracts with suppliers.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Writing Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Counihan, C. (2008). Food and culture: a reader. USA: Routledge.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2002). Organic agriculture, environment and food security. USA: Food & Agriculture Org.
Ronald, L. W. (2008). Kleppner'S Advertising Procedure, 16/E. USA: Pearson Education Inc.
Ruteri, J. M. & Xu, Q. (2009). Supply Chain Management and Challenges Facing the Food Industry Sector in Tanzania. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(4), pp. 70-80.

Team Leader’s Role

2011-10-24T02:43:00.000-07:00

In an organization various teams are formed by the managers and each team is headed by the team leader. Team leader has to play various roles in providing coaching and mentoring to their team. Role of the team leader is exploring the skills of their team. They are also focused towards guiding them about the efficient achievement of team objectives as well as organization goals (Schonrok 2010). All the team members should work with proper coordination and develop mutual understanding among members. All the team members should follow the instruction of their team leader. Another role of the team leader is to influence the employees for better performance of the task.

After providing the coaching and learning to the employees’ team leader must give feedback to their team members about their performance. This will help in motivating the employees for better and improved performance (Pope 2008).

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Writing Experts - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Pope, S. (2008) Team Leader Workbook. USA: Human Resource Development.
Schonrok, J.E.M. (2010) Innovation at Large: Managing Multi-Organization, Multi-Team Projects. Deutsche: Peter Lang

Monitoring Marketing Goal

2011-10-17T02:23:00.000-07:00

Marketing goals deals in various factors of the organization. Every organization wants to increase the sales, increase the public awareness about their business, customer retention, increase in profit, reduction in cost, etc. All these factors are comes under the marketing goals. It is necessary for the researcher to monitor the goals of marketing. Researcher can use different ways of monitoring the progress of marketing goals (Dibb & Simkin 2008). Firstly researcher has to analyze whether the goals that have been framed should be according to the customer’s needs and wants. Researcher can monitor the progress by observing the employees, while working. With the help of observation, researcher can analyze the total time taken by the employees and utilization of resources (Ferrell & Hartline 2010).

Secondly, researcher should monitor that mission of the organization should be consistent with the marketing goals. Marketing goals means results that have been achieved through marketing plans. But these goals should be aligned with organization objectives also. Thirdly, organization can set the parameters through, which they can compare, the actual working with the stated goals. Another method of monitoring is to observe the results that have been achieved and analyzing the customer feedback (Kotler, Lee, Farris & Kiddon 2010).

Monitoring plays an important role in achieving the success of marketing goals. It gives the assurance that efforts are conform to the desired plans. Monitoring helps in achieving the better performance and also motivates the employees. Monitoring can be taken as tool for controlling the various activities that are beyond the desired plans. Various corrective actions can be taken in policies and plans according to changes in environment (McMurtry 2003). With the help of monitoring organization can optimally utilize all the resources and achieve the results effectively and efficiently. All these above stated factors contribute in the success of marketing goals.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References

Dibb, S. & Simkin, L. (2008). Marketing Planning: A Workbook for Marketing Managers. USA: Cengage Learning.
Ferrell, O.C. & Hartline, M. (2010). Marketing Strategy. 5th ed. USA: Cengage Learning.
Kotler, P. Lee, N. Farris, P.W. & Kiddon, J (2010). Marketing Strategy from the Masters (Collection). New Jersey: FT Press.
McMurtry, J.M. (2003). Big business marketing for small business budgets. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional

Market Entry Strategies

2011-10-13T08:47:00.000-07:00

For every new firm, it is necessary to adopt some strategies for entering in market and give competition. This post would give students an idea how to write assignment or homework related to market entry strategies. In this, Polish market entry is taken as a case study for entry of a bottled water product. To enter into the polish market of bottled water and give competition to the market leader, firm can opt for some strategies such as joint venture, strategic alliance, and franchising (Boone and Kurtz 2011).

Joint venture: Firm can select the joint venture strategy because it is very difficult for an individual firm to give competition to market leader alone. Joint venture is the strategy in which two existing firm agree to do the business together for finite time period. Through the joint venture, firm can able to give competition to the market leader. As the competition is very stiff and need a huge amount of capital, with the help of joint venture firm can distribute the capital and can easily enter into the market. In past few years, bottled water has come under some criticism because of impurity in water. But nowadays, bottled water has captured very large part of market environment (Kupper 2009).

So, to maintain the position and give competition to the market leader, it will be more suitable for the firm to come up with the joint venture.

Strategic Alliance: After analyzing the overall market scenario, another strategy, which firm can adopt is strategic alliance. This strategy is also very much suitable for the firm to make position in new marketplace and give competition to the leading firm of bottled water. In case of joint venture, two firms need to get combined in a single entity. In case of strategic alliance, two firms decided to perform a common business to meet the critical conditions of the market scenario but both these firms remain independent. This strategy avoids the conflicts among members due to difference in cultural as well as working environment of both the firms (Glover and Wasserman 2003).

With help of strategic alliance, efforts of both firms can be able to give more competition and earn more benefit instead of putting individual efforts. Market leader of bottled water has penetrated the wider area of overall market, so to compete with them needs extra skills and knowledge that can be shared through strategic alliance.

Franchising: By taking the franchise of one of the top most brand of bottled water, firm can able to attract more customers. Initially with the name of renowned company of bottled water, firm can make position in the market place. After understanding the overall market scenario, it will be easier to give competition to the market leader. Franchising is the strategy in which owner of firm distribute their products through the dealers known as franchisee. Franchisee takes the license from the franchiser to carry out business with his name (Keup 2007).

With the help of franchising, firm can easily operate their business activities and capture the wider area of market. After making the position in market through franchising, franchisee can establish a new firm and a give competition to the market leader. This strategy is also very much suitable for the firm to enter into the new market of polishing of bottled water (Mathews 2011).

From the above, it is concluded that, before entering in the market, firm has to analyze the overall market scenario and competitors and on the basis of that strategies should be selected.

Blog Post Provided By - http://www.assignmenthelpexperts.com - A++ Assignment Writing Help Experts
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L. (2011) Contemporary Marketing, 15th ed. USA: Cengage Learning.
Glover, S.I. and Wasserman, C.M. (2003) Title Partnerships, joint ventures & strategic alliances Business law corporate series. New York: Law Journal Press.
Keup, E.J. (2007) Franchise Bible: How to Buy a Franchise Or Franchise Your Own Business, 6th ed. UK: Entrepreneur Press.
Kupper, V. (2009) The Use of Joint Ventures as a Strategic Tool for Multinational Companies. Germany: GRIN Verlag.
Mathews, J. (2011) Street Smart Franchising, 2nd ed. UK: Entrepreneur Press.

Importance of Forecasting

2011-10-07T07:47:00.000-07:00

Forecasting in Communication

Forecasting plays an important role to improve communication in the organization by providing important information to employees, managers and others stakeholders. Foresting provides an idea about sales units that will be consumed by the customers that helps to communicate the production department about the number of units to be produced during a particular time period. Forecasting involves sales forces to forecast in the organization that make an easy communication about predicted results and also the efforts that would be required to achieve the objectives (Smaros, 2004). Forecasting is also made by taking the consideration of all the departments that is quite effective to facilitate an effective communication among different departments. Forecasting is also important to understand and determine the changes in customers’ needs and to generate relevant and rich information of the product that is important to improve effectiveness. Forecasting improves communication by reducing problems of every department that are working on the basis of its goals and forecasts by determining the efforts of other departments also (Smaros, 2004).

Reasons of Wrong Forecasting

There are several reasons in the organization that affect forecasted results from the actual results. Forecasting is an important and most difficult aspect that is based on uncertainty of future that create difficulty in making the forecast in a proper way. Forecasting is performed by using past data of the organization that may change due to change in the business or market environment. The lack of future aspects and changes in forecasting also make it wrong. In addition, several potential errors may create problems that affect a forecasting method’s accuracy. Similarly, forecaster cannot forecast in a right way if there is lack of time and resources to forecast as he/she may fail to judge all the areas that may affect the forecasting (Ahrens, 2007). Forecasting also goes wrong due to lack of proper communication among the employees, managers, and sales forces of the organizations. Selection of inappropriate forecasting method as per nature of forecasting is also a reason behind wrong forecast because an appropriate method helps in proper decision-making to a manager.

Ways to Make Effective Forecast

There are several principles through which a research could increase the chances that a forecast will be effective. Firstly, researcher can define cone of uncertainty of the world that outlines all possibilities related to particular event and movement of forecasting. Secondly, forecaster can use S-curve that starts with slowly at initial stage and then suddenly explode in growth phase and then it drop down in maturity and saturation stage that would be effective to enhance the significance of forecasting (Saffo, 2007). It is because it will help to cover all the aspects that will not fit with the forecasting. Similarly, the researcher should not over rely on one part of strong information, but he should apply strong opinions during the period by including the contingencies.

Models for Forecasting

In forecasting, more complicated models are better than less complicated methods because they can fit all data in forecasting, whereas less complicated models has less adjustable or uncertain parameters in the forecasting (Yuen, 2010). More complicated models can cover large output space in comparison to less complicated models that also provides more accurate results. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models is an important more complicated method that fits with time series to understand data and to predict future points in series effectively. This model is used to predict time series of economics and industries that is helpful to remove persistence and to provide accurate estimation (Wang, 2010). More complicated models helps to understand about a certain problem that can be solved accurately by using potential process. At the same time, the more complicated methods include all the environmental aspects in forecasting that produces better results.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Reference
Ahrens, C.D. (2007). Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment (8th ed.). Canada: Cengage Learning.
Saffo, P. (2007). Six Rules for Effective Forecasting. Retrieved September 27, 2011, from http://www.usc.edu/schools/annenberg/asc/projects/wkc/pdf/200912digitalleadership_saffo.pdf.
Smaros, J. (2004). Using the assortment forecasting method to enable sales force involvement in forecasting: A case study. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 34 (2), 140-157.
Wang, F.L. (2010). Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence: International Conference, AICI 2010, Sanya, China, October 23-24, 2010, Proceedings. Germany: Springer.
Yuen, K.V. (2010). Bayesian Methods for Structural Dynamics and Civil Engineering. Singapore: John Wiley and Sons.

Strategy and Environment

2011-09-27T10:10:00.000-07:00

This post would discuss about how strategy of a company is affected by environment using example of Lehman Brothers. Lehman Brothers was a global financial service firm. Before bankruptcy in 2008, it was the largest investment firm in the USA (Aikman, 2010). Negligence of external factors is the reason behind the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers.

External factors

Decline in the price of real state developed mortgage crisis in the USA. It is one of the reasons that are affected Lehman brothers, which was not predicted by the bank in advance. Due to mortgage crisis, interest rates were increased by Lehman Brothers on housing loans. This situation created difficulties for borrowers to repay the loan to the bank. Lehman Brother had not maintained healthy relationship with other banks due to the over- confidence of its CEO. Slowdown of USA economy and market share, terrorist attack, decrease in labor market, low government support, Higher Credit rates and borrowing costs etc. are the key external factors that were not properly anticipated and planned by Lehman Brothers (Richelson & Richelson, 2011).

Impact of external factors on Lehman Brothers

High credit rates and borrowing cost led to huge loss of the bank, because borrowers were enabled to repay the loan to the bank (Davies, 2010). Lack of healthy relations with other banks resulted into poor support to Lehman brothers that affected the business practices of the bank during the economic downturn. Apart from this, terrorist attack in the USA also negatively influenced the operations and market share of the bank. Due to economic slowdown of USA economy, five major independent brokers of Wall Street disappeared that further negatively affected the trading system of the bank. So, it also increased the loss of the bank. Low government support during the critical situation was another factor that affected financial policies of the bank.

Deal with external environment

To deal with the environment, bank could have developed effective risk and crisis management strategies and strong financial policies for attracting the shareholders. To deal with external environment, Lehman Brothers could have reduced interest rates on housing loan. In that condition, borrowers could have easily repaid the loan to the bank. Bank could have developed harmony in relations with others banks to reduce the adverse impact of the environment. Bank could have dealt with crisis by giving some relaxation to the borrower in repayment of the loan (Posner, 2010). Additionally, bank could have developed some contingency plans and forecasting strategies to estimate the crisis and take preventive actions to deal with external environment.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Aikman, J. S. (2010). When Prime Brokers Fail: The Unheeded Risk to Hedge Funds, Banks, and the Financial Industry. USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Davies, H. (2010).The financial crisis: who is to blame?.Britain: Polity
Posner, R. A. (2010). The crisis of capitalist democracy. USA: Harvard University Press
Richelson, H. & Richelson, S. (2011). Bonds: The Unbeaten Path to Secure Investment Growth. Canada: Bloomberg Press.

Business Excellence Model

2011-09-23T08:27:00.000-07:00

Business Excellence Model evaluates the performance of firms and explores actions for the improvement (Kanji, 2002). Organization can use BEM to increase the performance in following ways:

Performance Measurement Tool

Organization can use the Business excellence model as a performance assessment tool such as benchmarking or audit framework. Through using the business excellence model, company can evaluate the gap existed between actual and standard performance. After identifying the gap, can take necessary actions for performance improvement (Groves, Herbert, Correll & Correll, 2008).

Utilization of Resources

Company can use the business excellence model in the allocation and utilization of the resources (Kanji, 2002). Through Business excellence model, company can allocate the resources in right time, at right place in right manner that can increase the performance of the organization.

Policy & Strategy

By using business excellence model, organization can develop effective policies and strategy for the identified areas of performance improvement (Groves, Herbert, Correll & Correll, 2008). Business excellence model is based on TQM principle and provides necessary information regarding supply chain, quality standards, deviations, etc. Through business excellence model, company can achieve holistic development of its product or service quality that will enhance organizational performance.

Supply chain management

For increasing the performance, company can use the Business excellence model in the supply chain management. Business excellence covers all TQM factors that affect the business excellence of the organization. By using BEM, organization can improve inventory management, distribution system, logistics operations and supply chain network that are directly linked to performance (Kanji, 2002).

References
Groves, D., Herbert, K., Correll, J. C. & Correll, J. G. (2008). Achieving Class a Business Excellence: An Executive's Perspective. USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Kanji, G. (2002). Measuring business excellence. USA: Routledge.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignment Help Experts
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

Sources for Obtaining Industry Norms to Compare Financial Ratios

2011-09-19T02:54:00.000-07:00

There are various sources for obtaining industry norms to compare financial ratios that include websites such as bizstrat.com, Business census.gov, Economic Census: Concentration Ratios, Google Finance and Yahoo Finance Stock Screener. The information is also available in various financial books such as Building Financial Model, Business Ratios and Formulas, Decoding Financial Statement, The Lender’s Tool Kit, Smart Financial Management (Helfert, 2001). The investor has to be aware of some limitations, when using industrial comparison such as inflation should not be badly distorted, uses of different accounting practices like, FIFO/LIFO, Leasing/ Buying equipment and also mixture of good and bad ratio makes difficult to identify the status of the company (Madura, 2003).

Blog Post Provided By - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References

Helfert, E. A. (2001). Financial analysis: tools and techniques: a guide for managers. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Madura, J. (2003). What every investor needs to know about accounting fraud. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Developing Internet Strategy

2011-09-16T09:38:00.000-07:00

E-commerce is an important concept of every emerging business at it helps the organizations to buy and sell the products over electronic system with the help of internet. It increases the sales of the organization and helpful in connecting the customers with the organization (Pinto 2003). This report explains about the uses of internet and e-commerce site for the small firm like small retail store owned by an individual person. This post helps the readers to understand the impact of web site on the sales of the firm and how the web site attracts more customers to be the part of the firm.

Internet business model is majorly classified into four ways; first model allows the organization to send free news letter to the customers. This model is beneficial for the organization, when it post some informative information to the customers rather than posing ads (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor 2005). The second type of web site can support large number of free online services to the customers such as providing free software, movies, books, etc. These types of the web sites are used for the organization, who earns money through online advertisement. As when the site starts receiving lots of traffic, the firm can post advertisements on the web site and earn money online (Pinterits 2009).

Third classification of model is applicable, where the organization has new products to sell. This model is profitable for the organization as customer can easily buy the product through online system (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor 2005). The fourth type of model can be affiliated program, where seller can create variety of catalogue for its customers, so that they can choose the products or services of their own choice (Pinterits 2009). In this business model the retail firm has to choose the affiliated program model, as it supports variety of catalogue that will be helpful for the retailers to show its different products online. This model also helps the retailers to sell its products over the internet that will increase the sales of the firm (Gay, Charlesworth and Esen 2007). Also, the website is helpful for the customers as they purchase the products online. After launching of this web site, retailer has to provide home delivery facility to the customers, who purchase the products online, so that they have not to visit the store to purchase the goods (Zappalà and Gray 2006).

Also, they can purchase the goods at any time i.e. in the office hours too and can also purchase at the night but the delivery of the goods should be made only at the store time. This web site will perform multi-functions for the firm as it can market its product online because customers will do online shopping (Zappalà and Gray 2006). It will also result in to increase in the sales of the organization and provides customer care facility as customers can ask query online for example the availability or the quality of the new product. They can also post suggestions to improve the facility or can post complains if not satisfied with the product delivered or the delivery service (Neuman 2007).

Internet is very useful tool for the organization as the retailer can understand about the various offers delivered by the other storekeepers. It can also be helpful to know about the other products available in the market and to find the cheapest source, so buy those products. This is beneficial for the retailer as he can provide the products to the customers in the most efficient prices (Windham and Orton 2000).

To access these services, customer has to register with the firm with the current address on which the goods have to be delivered. Also, the customer has to provide contact details, so that firm’s staff can easily contact him in case of any confusion regarding the product selected or any other. After got registered with the firm, the customer can order the product at any time irrespective of the store’s time (Waters 2003). The firm can provide two modes of payment system i.e. the customer can either clear his payment as soon as he order the product through card or can pay the bill on delivery of ordered products.

The firm can include links of his sister concern, so that customers become aware of the other products such as furniture, books and stationary, if any. The link of this web site can also be mentioned on the web sites of the sister concerns, so that customer can aware of this products too. There must be an easy registration procedure through online support, so that customer can even register himself without visiting to store (Addison 2006).

Technological specification required to implement this web site includes both hardware and software. In the list of hardware firm requires Intel processor (1GHz or faster), at least 512 MB RAM, telephone line, internet router. Software includes, internet connection, website, internet explorer, Firefox 3.x, JavaScript and cookies enabled, requires Sun Java 5, ActiveX enabled for internet explorer (Laube and Zammuto 2003).

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that website helps in increasing the sales and profit of the small firms as it attracts more customers. It smoothen the internal communication of the firm as online support helps the organization to easily monitor the sales and profits of the firm. This report also shows the other various uses of the internet for a small retail firm that helps in increasing the customer loyalty and visit to the firm. It also describes how customer can access the web site and how the retailer can provide services to attract more customers. At last, this report detailed the various hardware and software required to implement this facility in the organization.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Any Business Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Call: UK Toll free no - 0044-808-189-1311
USA/CA Toll free no - 001-877-839-9989

References
Addison, D. R. (2006) Web site cookbook. USA: O'Reilly Media, Inc.

Gay, R., Charlesworth, A. and Esen, R. (2007) Online marketing: a customer-led approach. USA: Oxford University Press.

Laube, D. R. and Zammuto, R. F. (2003) Business-driven information technology: answers to 100 critical questions for every manager. USA: Stanford University Press.

Neuman, J. (2007) The Complete Internet Marketer. USA: Lulu.com.

Pinterits, A. (2009) Coordinating internet sales with other channels: a performance measurement model. deutscher: Gabler Verlag.

Pinto, D. (2003) E-commerce and source-based income taxation. USA: IBFD.

Pride, W. M., Hughes, R. J. and Kapoor, J. R. (2005) Business. USA: Cengage Learning

Waters, J. (2003) The real business of web design. USA: Skyhorse Publishing Inc.

Windham, L. and Orton, K. (2000) The soul of the new consumer: the attitudes, behaviors, and preferences of E-customers. USA: Skyhorse Publishing Inc.

Zappalà, S. and Gray, C. (2006) Impact of e-commerce on consumers and small firms. UK: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Business, its Environment and Objectives

2011-09-10T08:51:00.000-07:00

Business refers to the regular production or purchase and sale of goods undertaken with an objective to earn profit and acquiring wealth through the satisfaction of human wants. Every business requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be sold at profit.

Business and its Environment

Environment refers to all external forces that have a direct bearing on the functioning of a business. Objectives can be decided after understanding the environment in which the business runs. Both the business and its environment are responsible to each other. There are various segments of the environment that may be classified as:

Social: It includes the consumers, employees and the social institutions to which business provides benefits.

Economic: There is close relationship between the business and its economic environment. Business obtains all its inputs from economic environment. It also includes the other business units which an enterprise has to deal with.

Political: It includes the various political institutions, government and its legislature. These institutions take the income of the enterprise in the form of the taxes.

Technological: It includes the technical know-how. Technology changes fast and to keep pace with it, businessmen should be alert to adopt changed technology in their business.

Objectives of Business
Profit Earning: Without earning profit no business can survive in the competitive market. Profit making is the primary objective for which the business came into existence. Profit must be earned to ensure the survival of business, its growth, and expansion overtime.

Innovations: Innovations means changes, that brings improvement in products, process of production and distribution of goods. Through innovations business can reduce its cost of by adopting better methods. It can also increase its sales by attracting more customers with improved products.

Optimum use of resources: As business needs lots of resources like man, material, money, machinery etc. to run its business. Due to the limited availability of these resources business must use it in an optimum way.

Productivity: A business firm can succeed only if it can produce maximum output with limited available resources.

Development of human resource: Business should develop proper training and development for improving the skills of manpower. Better skills of employees will lead to prosperity of the business.

Supply of quality goods: The objectives of the business should be to produce better quality goods and supply them at the right time and the right place. Business should charge fair prices according to the quality of the goods.

Creation of Customers: Business cannot survive unless there are customers to buy the products and services. To earn the profit, a businessman has to produce goods and services at reasonable prices. For attracting more customers businessmen has adopt to adopt various marketing strategies.

Creation of employment: Business should also focus towards the creation of employment opportunities. This can be achieved by establishing new business units, expanding market, widening distribution channels etc.

Need of Social Responsibility of Business

There are some of the factors that arises the need of business to be responsible towards the society. Some of the following factors are:

Public Image: The activities of the business towards the welfare of society will earn goodwill and reputation. If business engages itself in various welfare programs for the society then people will prefer to buy the products.

Government Regulation: To avoid the government regulations businessmen has to be responsible towards the society. If a businessman violates the government regulations then it may ultimately force the firm to close down its business.

Survival and Growth: For the survival and the growth of the business, support of society is very much essential. Business utilizes various resources of the society. So it will be the responsibility of the business to serve the society.

Employees’ satisfaction: Besides getting good salary and working in the healthy environment, employees need some other facilities like training, transportation, education etc. All these facilities directly affect the production and prosperity of the organization.

Consumer awareness: Now a day’s consumer is very much aware about their rights. It is obligatory for the business to protect the interest of the society by giving quality goods at most competitive prices.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Need Assignment or Content Help - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Trendless Data Forecasting

2011-09-05T08:45:00.000-07:00

Trendless data can be evaluated with the help of single exponential smoothing technique. This technique can be implemented on time series data to make the forecast or to smooth the data for presentation. It exponentially decreases the weight over the time and can be implemented for analyzing the financial market or economic data (Guire 2011).

Centered moving average can be computed by averaging the past and future data for a given time point but at the time of forecasting the future is typically unknown therefore this method cannot be used for forecasting. On the other hand, trailing moving average can be set on most recently available data set hence it is best suitable for the forecasting of the information (Shmueli and Bruce 2010).

Exponential smoothing is used for analyzing the data based on the time series to forecast the future trend of information. The exponential smoothing can be solved using formula, in which the value of α ranges from 0 to 1, depending upon its damping rate (Hyndman2008).

In the exponential smoothing, the value of α is chosen depending on the degradation in the value of the given data. For little smoothing the value of the constant α will be less, i.e. can be range from .01 to .15, on the other hand, for moderate smoothing the value of α can range from .40 to .50. As small value of α give little weight to the most recent time period while provides greater weight to the past unit time period. This is because the value of weight is decreased by (1- α), thus small value of α effect less (Guire 2011).

For Example:

If α=.05, then Ft+1=.05yt+.95ft (heavy smoothing, low adaption)
If α=.20, then Ft+1=.20yt+.80ft (moderate smoothing, moderate adaption)
If α=.50, then Ft+1=.50yt+.50ft (little smoothing, quick adaption) (Doane 2006).

REFERENCES
Doane, (2006) Applied Statistics In Business And Economics. USA: McGraw-Hill Professionals.
Guire, G. M. (2011) Handbook of Humanitarian Health Care Logistics. Austria: George Mc Guire.
Halder, C. (2010) Power System Analysis: Operation And Control. South Africa: Pearson Education.
Hyndman, R. J. (2008) Forecasting with exponential smoothing: the state space approach. Germany: Springer.
Kurtz, D. L. (2010) Contemporary Marketing 2011. UK: Cengage Learning.
Shmueli, G. and Bruce, P. C. (2010) Data Mining for Business Intelligence: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in Microsoft Office Excel with XLMiner. USA: John Wiley and Sons.

Blog Post Provided By - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Contact Us Email Id - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Forecasting

2011-09-02T06:18:00.000-07:00

Forecasting is a technique for finding the future needs, by examining the historical data and trend. It is an unbiased estimation for future demand of various variables such as sales, production etc., on the basis of past data and experience. Simply, extending the past data into future using time line is not forecasting, judgment is very much essential for forecasting (Kurtz 2010). Forecasting technique is imperative to improve the communication in the organization as forecasting requires information from the different departments. Cross functional approach of forecasting is used, where independent forecasting group conduct the forecasting by integrating different departments (Mentzer and Moon2005). This communication reduces the duplicity in the forecasting efforts and used all relevant information.

Sometimes, forecasting becomes meaningful and the actual output is not the same as expected. There are two basic reasons behind this viz. under estimation and over estimation. In under estimation, it is not possible to achieve the forecasted results due to insufficient resources and dissatisfied customers, while in over estimation the forecasting fails due to the under utilization of resources or spending the resources too early (Kurtz 2010).

To make the forecasting effective, organizations have to effectively allocate the resources and take proper measures that too in regular time interval to equalize the actual results with the forecasted outcomes. The forecasting must be done by analyzing the data properly and after finding the result, it must be evaluated back to find the feasibility of the results. Also, the forecasting must be made effective by proper checking the actual work based the forecasted results (Halder 2010).

Forecasting with the help of Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and autoregressive (AR) models typically produce better results than those of simple models as it consider the problem more precisely and produce results that can be closer to the actual results. These models sub-divide the give data trend into various types such as constant trend, linear trend or quadratic trend that helps the researcher to accurately forecast the outcomes (Maindonald and Braun 2010).

For reading - Forecasting Steps

Blog Post Provided By - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
Contact Us Email Id - Info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Leadership and Difference between Leadership and Management

2011-08-30T07:54:00.000-07:00

Leadership is very important for all the organisations and there has been lot of research on this topic. This tutorial would be a useful assignment help for you to work on your assignments and homework related to leadership.

A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and connected.

Features of leadership

Leadership is continuous process of behavior.
Leadership is a relationship between leaders and his followers.
Leader influence the behavior of individuals.
It helps the followers to attain the goals.

Difference between Leadership and Management

There are some points that create the difference between leadership and management. Some of these are:

Leadership deals with vision, keeping the mission in sight and with effectiveness and results whereas management deals with establishing structure and system to get those results.
Leadership is worked based on their personal abilities whereas management is based on delegation of authority.
Leadership inspires his followers to do the tasks and motivates them whereas management controls their subordinates from deviation.
Leadership emphasizes on transformational aspect that means it recognize the need for change, to execute the effectively. Whereas management emphasizes on transactional approach that means it focuses on routine activities, evaluating performance, making decisions.
Leadership can formal and informal both whereas management is formal only.

Informal and Formal Leaders

Formal leader is a member of organization who has given on the basis of his position to influence other members of organization to achieve organizational goals. Managers, directors are formal leaders in a typical organization.

An informal leader has no formal organizational authority to influence others but possesses special kills and talent to influence and lead other members of organization. Informal leaders are best candidates for future formal leaders.

Leadership Styles

Leadership styles are the patterns of behavior which a leader adopts in influencing the behavior of his followers. It is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people.

Based on the degree on use of power, there are three leadership

Styles:

1. Autocratic Leadership: In autocratic style of leadership, a manager centralizes decision making power in him. He takes all the decisions by himself for their followers and passes orders to them. It is useful when organization needs quick decision making.

2. Democratic Leadership: In democratic style of leadership, a manager allows substantial participation of subordinates in decision making. They take the ideas and suggestions on which decisions are based. This is helpful in motivating the employees as they feel themselves as a part of the organization.

3. Free-rein Leadership: In this type of leadership complete freedom is given to subordinates. Manager depends upon the group to achieve their goals and subordinates are free to take decisions by their own.

Directing Function of Management

2011-08-26T00:59:00.000-07:00

Main functions of management are Planning, Organizing, Staffing and Directing. Directing as a function of management is concerned with instructing, guiding and inspiring people in the organization to achieve its objectives. It involves overseeing people at work, making provision for the necessary facilities and creating a work environment, whereby employees may perform to the best of their abilities.

Features of Directing

Below are the characteristics features of the Directing function of the management:

It is managerial function perform by all the managers at all levels.
Its function is to initiate the action in an organization.
Motivates the employees for better and efficient performance.
It is a continuous function

Principles of Direction

Harmony of Objectives: Individuals join the organization to satisfy their physiological and psychological needs. They will perform their tasks better if they feel that it will satisfy their personal goals. Therefore, management should harmonize the personal goals of employees with the organizational goals.

Unity of Command: A subordinate should get orders and instructions from one superior only. If he is made accountable to two bosses simultaneously, there will be confusion, conflict, disorder and indiscipline in the organization. Therefore, subordinate should report to one superior only.

Appropriate Techniques: The managers should use correct direction techniques to ensure efficiency of direction. The techniques used should be suitable to the superior, the subordinates and the situation.

Direct Supervision: Direction becomes more effective when there is a direct personal contact between a superior and his subordinates. Such direct contact improves the morale and commitment of employees. Therefore, wherever possible direct supervision should be used.

Democratic Leadership: This principle states that leader should give respect to the opinions and views of his subordinates. As a result of this, leaders can secure maximum output from their followers.

Follow up: Directing is a continuous process. Therefore, after issuing orders and instructions, a manager should find out whether the subordinates are working properly and what problems they are facing.

Means of Direction

There are two important means of directing

Orientation: It is the means in which new employees are introduced with working environment of the organization. Managers give direction about the work and relation with the other jobs. This is very important to align individual objectives with organisation objectives.

Issuing orders and instructions: Managers in an organization obtained orders in daily routine. And they should use proper skills and knowledge while issuing the orders. Orders that have been issued could be in oral or written form.

Change Management

2011-08-23T04:23:00.000-07:00

The term change refers to an alteration in a system whether physical, biological, or social. Thus, organizational change refers to an alteration in the working environment. It sets the new equilibrium between different components of the organization.

Why Change is required:

There are two forces that arises the need for change in an organization:

External Forces: Due the dynamic environment there are some forces that lie outside the organization system. These external forces need to be adopted in an organization.
Internal Forces: It is not only the change in external factors which may necessitate organizational change; any change in organization’s internal factors may also necessitate change.

There are two reasons that needs change in internal environment

1. Change in Managerial Personnel: Employees those who are working in the organization get changed due to retirement, resignation, promotion, transfer etc. And each manger has its own ideas and way of performing the job.

2. Deficiency in Existing Organization: Sometimes, change is necessary because of deficiency in the present organization system. Deficiencies may be in the form of unmanageable span of management, lack of coordination etc.

Why there is Resistance for Change

In the management of change effectively, managers have to face problem of resistance to change. People tend to resist many types of changes because new habits or sacrifices are required. If the change is minor then it does not affect much to the organization. But if the change is major, then people in the organization may often resist change in organization.

Causes of Resistance to Change

There are three factors that cause resistance to change:

Economic Factors

1. Skill Obsolescence: When new technology introduced in an organization this creates a fear of degrading the skills of people that resist change.

2. Reduced incentive Opportunity: Whenever there is change, people think that new system will lower down their incentives opportunities.

Psychological Factors

1. Status Quo: People do not want any disturbance in their existing equilibrium of life and work pattern.

2. Fear of Unknown: Change that has been introduced is unknown for the people in an organization. Lack of uncertainty creates stress in the minds of the people that resist change.

Social Factors

1. Desire to Maintain Existing Social Interaction: When there is any change, their existing social interaction is likely to be changed which people do not want.

2. Feeling of Outside Interference: Due to the interference from the outside factors, people resist change in an organization.

I hope that you will get useful information about change management and it's most important factors throw this post if you need more content about management or need assignment help then send your query at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com.

Different Performance Appraisal Methods

2011-08-18T22:53:00.000-07:00

This blog post is about different performance appraisal methods that are used in different organizations. Performance Appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development. It is done to determine who needs more training, who will be promoted, demoted, transferred etc. It motivates the employees to learn and grow.

Methods of Performance Appraisal

There are two methods for the performance appraisal

A. Traits Appraisal

Performance is measured on the basis of qualities of employees. Emphasis is made on quantity and quality of work done, skill, intelligence, dependability, adaptability etc. There are several variants for appraisal method.

i. Ranking Method: This is the method in which employees are ranked on the basis of more or less effective and are compared inter-personally. This method is useful when numbers of employees are less.

ii. Rating-scale Method: In this rating scale is used to measure the employees’ qualities and attributes. For example, the quality “initiative” is divided into five degrees on the scale: exceptional, above average, average, below average, and poor. Rater tick marks the one degree that he feels more suitable for the employees.

iii. Graphic scale Method: this method is similar to the rating scale method, in this degree and attributes are indicated on the graph or chart.

iv. Check-list Method: Listing of number of statements about the performance and behavior of employees. Rater verify the statement whether it applies or does not apply to the employee.

v. Critical Incidental Method: This method involves employee appraisal on the basis of events or incidents and analyze employee reactions on a particular situation.

B. Modern Methods of Performance Appraisal

There are some modern methods used for performance appraisal particularly for managerial personnel.

i. Appraisal by Results: It implies evaluation of the managerial performance in terms of objectives. In this process, appraisal to measure how managers are able to set the objectives and in how much time that can be achieved.

Features:

The basis of appraisal is to measure the performance against target.
It is a participative technique, as target that needs to be achieved is already discussed with the superior.
It aims at developing the performance.

ii. Appraising Managers as Managers: This is the approach that is used to evaluate the performance of the managers in terms of basic functions and tasks of management.

Impacts of Reengineering Process on the Field of Training

2011-08-17T05:11:00.000-07:00

Processes of re engineering in business are an important way to analysis, redesign and transformation the work flow and change the business process within an organization. It is a fundamental concept that helps to rethink and redesigns the business process to achieve the dramatic improvement and helps to measure performance such as cost, quality, service and speed (Hanna 2010).

Impact of Re-engineering Process on the Training Field

Re-engineering process is helpful to enhance capability to expand the business and develop the satisfaction level of customers and employees by curing systematic process and behavioral problems. Re-engineering process of business priorities must change some ways such as boss to customer focus, effective control between workers and decision makers and activity based result orientation. Significantly, it also develops flexibility and responsiveness in the company. Stakeholders become loyal towards each other (Haskell & Greenwood 2009). Some specific ways of process of re-engineering that impact on the field of training is as following:-

Improvement in Establish Key Performance Measures:

The re engineering process helps to make effective training in the organization. It plays an important role in the training field through monitoring the results such as employee’s attitude, behavior and their perception of thoughts towards the customers. It measures progress of action and outcomes by monitoring the progress action. It helps to show that how much people informed and at what extent they are committed towards the company. Monitoring results also show the customer attitude, perception and supplier responsiveness etc. It support to continuous improvement of performance by tracking system of performance and by using application of problem solving skills (Khosrowpour 2006).

Develop and Implement Future Processes:

It helps to develop effective future process and implements in the organization by providing better training to top level to bottom level employees. It mainly focused on two different problem solving techniques that support business process; these are analytic and creative techniques. It is a continue process in organization to make effective training and all other process from beginning to end. It helps to implement performance improvement that is related to the internal efficiency and competitive advantage (Tsai 2003).

Re-engineering is an important key that is helpful to every organization to achieve the success of business. It also helps to build clear business strategy and identifies the initiative that would be helpful to improve the performance. The organization should needs to be adopted the process re-engineering projects from top to down and full end processes for the success of business. Re-engineering does not only redesigning and replacing the establish system and process of business, but it is a strategy that helps to continuously transforming existing system and business processes. On the other hands, many organizations cannot achieve their re-engineering goals and objectives (Haskell & Greenwood 2009).

Conclusion

Thus, form the above discussion, it can be concluded that the process re-engineering plays an important role in organization to redesign strategies and replacing the existing system and business process. It developed the effective training system in the organization by measuring the attitudes, skills and behavior of employees towards customers. Re-engineering process helps to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization, it should be necessary in every business within an organization.

References
Hanna, N. K. (2010). Transforming Government and Building the Information Society: Challenges and Opportunities for the Developing World. USA: Springer.
Haskell, R. E. & Greenwood (2009). Reengineering Corporate Training. USA: IAP.
Khosrowpour, M. (2006). Cases on Information Technology and Business Process Reengineering. USA: Idea Group Inc (IGI).
Tsai, H.L. (2003). Information Technology and Business Process Reengineering: New Perspectives and Strategies. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Strategic Business Event

2011-08-15T22:14:00.000-07:00

Strategic business event are created in order to organize events for individuals who are interested to better understand about their future commercial landscape (Strategic business event 2011). This paper discusses about a current event 7th international strategic management conference and how it pertains to strategic management. Further this paper discusses about why this event is considered as a strategic event.

7th International Strategic Management Conference

The 7th international strategic management conference is held in France and Paris between the dates of June 30 and 2 July, 2011. Beykent University of Istanbul, Turkey, the Gebze Institute of Kocaeli, Turkey, and the Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University of Canakkale, Turkey are jointly organized this strategy (The 7th international strategic management conference 2007).

The main aim of this conference is to set a platform for exchanging views and discussion among different strategists, practitioners and academicians who are coming from different countries and backgrounds. “Investigating Strategies of Recovery from the Recession” is the conference theme for this year. Main objective of this theme is to identify solutions in order to recover from recession (The 7th international strategic management conference 2007).With the help of this conference; participants can develop effective strategies to recover recession because different participants can provide their views on this issue.

Strategic Business Event

Strategic business event is related with conducting conferences of real excellence. The main aim of such conferences is to address emerging and recent developments in several business environments (Robinson, Wale & Dickson 2010). Generally, strategic business events are not repeated year on year. It is related with true market monitor-conferences that will be helpful to provide several tangible returns related to several management challenges that are relevant to a particular industry and time periods. Generally, conferences are held on real complex issues such as retail, the food industry and law and financial services that have a scale of high opportunity (Robinson & Robinson 2005).

The 7th International Strategic Management Conference pertains to strategic business events for several reasons:

First, it is related with a real issue the main aim of which is to investigate strategies related to recovery from recession.
It was a big conference that required involvement of several people to successfully attain the objective of conference.
Recession is a major issue that was regularly impacting on different economies and affected different industries such as information technology, banking industry, etc. it reflects that the conference was strategic business event (Allen 2007).
Conference also provided several opportunities such as to become a successful businessman in the period of recession, to reduce the impact of recession on business activities, etc. to different businessmen.
Objective of conference is also highlighting that it is related with long-term perspective that also help it to present itself as a strategic business event.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the 7th international strategic management conference is pertained as a strategic business event due to several reasons such as consideration related to current issue, involvement of several people, etc.

References

Allen, J. (2007). The Executive's Guide to Corporate Events & Business Entertaining: How to Choose and use Corporate Functions to Increase Brand Awareness, Develop New Business, Nurture Customer Loyalty and Drive Growth. Canada: John Wiley and Sons.

Robinson, D. G. & Robinson, J. C. (2005). Strategic Business Partner: Aligning People Strategies with Business Goals. US: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Robinson, P., Wale, D. & Dickson, G. (2010). Events Management. UK: CABI.

Strategic business event (2011). Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://www.strategicbusinessevents.co.uk/page.asp?cpid=143

The 7th international strategic management conference (2007). Retrieved August 12, 2011, from http://ismc.beykent.edu.tr/

Economic Bubble and E-commerce

2011-08-07T23:02:00.000-07:00

Economic bubble arises due to rapid increase in demand of goods. It increases output and employment rate from real level. It has both positive and negative effects. Positive effects are such as higher employment that helps to improve standard of living. It is also helpful to increase earnings of the government as higher income leads to higher tax receipts (Riley, 2004).

At the same time, economics bubble also has negative effects. It leads to financial crisis in the economy. In this situation, investing pattern in non-productive asset increases as supply of money increases (Saccomanni, 2008). A person spends more money for the consumption of durable and non-durable goods due to higher income. This spending creates inappropriate allocation of monetary resources that brings economy at saturation point. It reduces development and expansion of the economy.

On the other hand, businesses have a tendency to increase their production capacity to meet the increased demand of consumers that increases workforce expenses and declines organizational profitability (Riley, 2004). To maintain their profit margins, business increases the price of their products and services. High price creates high inflation rate and it contributes in financial crises. In addition, excess money supply also reduces interest rates. Companies take excess debt from banks for capital investment that also brings a sudden boom in the economy (Raines & Leathers, 2008). It creates financial crises as its make them unable in repaying the debt. This activity leads to bankruptcy and insolvency of the corporations.

E-commerce is a part of e-business that includes buying and selling of consumer products over various means of communication such as telephone, internet, fax etc (Li, 2007). E-commerce has significant role in economic boom. Nowadays, business organization can sell their product around the world through internet (Bidgoli, 2002). It helps in increasing their revenue that leads to economic boom but it also increases the fraudulent activities of business organization that creates economic bubbles. All these activities are creating fake growth of organization as well as the economy that may force the economy in crisis situation.

At the same time, e-commerce provides unique platform of shopping but it also increases purchasing habits of the consumers (Thanasankit , 2003). It changes the investing pattern of consumers as the investment in durable and non-durable assets that are not productive assets increases. It creates wealth for organizations for short-time, but for long-term; it is not beneficial for the organization and economy as well.

On the other hand, E-commerce provides a platform that has no geographical limits. It increases complexity for the businesses. Government provides guideline regarding e-business activities. These rules and regulation are providing a systematic framework for e-commerce. It prevents the fraudulent activities of business organization and also helps to prevent sudden boom in the economy (Loh, 2006). At the same time, these regulations also decrease credit risk of business organization as it sets limits of credit for them. Beyond that limits, consumer cannot purchase goods on credit (Saunders & Allen, 2002). It helps to reduce fake sales of business as this can be contributed in sudden economic boom.

References

Bidgoli, H. (2002). Electronic commerce: principles and practice. USA: Academic Press.
Li, F. (2007). What is e-business?: how the Internet transforms organizations. Great Britain: Wiley-Blackwell.
Loh, P. (2006). E-commerce for the global markets. Singapore: Knowledgeworks Consultants.
Raines, J.P., Leathers, C.G. (2008). Debt, innovations, and deflation: the theories of Veblen, Fisher, Schumpeter, and Minsky. Great Britain: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Riley, G. (2004). AQA AS Economics Module 1&2 Digital Textbook. Tutor2u Limited.
Saccomanni, F. (2008). Managing international financial instability: national tamers versus global tigers. Great Britain: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Saunders, A. & Allen, L. (2002). Credit risk measurement: new approaches to value at risk and other paradigms (2nd ed.). USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Thanasankit, T (2003). E-commerce and cultural values. UK: Idea Group Inc (IGI).

Span of Management

2011-08-05T01:01:00.000-07:00

Span of management implies total number of subordinates handled by one manager and they have to supervise every subordinate. It is also termed as span of control, span of supervision, span of responsibility, but it is preferred to use span of management because it takes the organization as a whole and control and supervision is a part of management.

Span of management faces various problems regarding limits on the number of subordinates that each manager can handle. It is difficult for every manager to handle the infinite number of employees because no manager is that much expert who can handle them. Furthermore, it is assumed that if the number of subordinates increased then required time for each decreases and if the manager has to control large number subordinates within a limited time span then quality of supervision reduces. Sometimes subordinates are not able to attain the objectives due to their limited mental energy this also creates problem for span of management.

There are two types of span one is wide and other is narrow, in wide span large number of subordinates can be handled while in narrow span number is limited, narrow span is expensive as it has too many levels that requires large number of managers and staff also. It further creates difficulties in communication. And wide span decreases the quality of supervision because the number of subordinates are large that reduces the required time of every subordinate which further affects supervision. Large number of subordinates also deviate from the objectives of policies.

After discussing difference between wide and narrow span we will discuss some factors that determine the feasibility of span of management for a particular type of situation, first is time required to be spent on supervision which explains that every manager has to do their own work, apart from the supervision they have to do administrative work, policy making, and contact to customers. After doing all his work then he supervise the work of his subordinates. Size of the span depends upon the time taken by the managers in doing the administrative task, more the time will be, less will be the span of management.

Second is subordinate training, if the subordinates is trained then span will be wider as they can manage more subordinates at a time. But it is difficult to trained at higher level because manager is not able to know what to teach and how to teach, at the lower level it is comparatively simple.

Third is delegation of authority it states that if the subordinates have authority to carry out the sufficient task and are well trained will increase the span and the subordinates who don’t have any authority then they will take much time of his superior and will reduces the span.

Fourth is degree of decentralization includes that if the superior have to take all decisions by himself then the span will be narrow. On the other hand, if the organization is decentralized then managers are relieved from the burden of decision that leads to widening the span.

Fifth is similarity of functions supervised, it means that if the functions that are supervised by the manager are of repetitive in nature then he will become familiar with jobs and increases the span and if the work changes regularly or complex in nature then it needs more time of the superior which reduces the span of management.

Organization Structure of Toyota

2011-08-02T05:17:00.000-07:00

Organization structure is a way in which the members of an organization work together with the coordination and in cooperative manner to achieve the organization’s goals. It represents the hierarchy of an organization (Abramowicz, 2009). This paper discusses about the organization structure of Toyota organization.

Organization Structure of Toyota

Each firm establishes an organization structure that identifies the responsibilities for employee’s and relationship among them. Organizational structure is based on span of control, organizational height and use of line versus staff position. Toyota follows the matrix organization structure. The Toyota organization structure is designed to support teamwork. Toyota followed the power of coordinated team structures (Toyota, 2011). The goal of the Toyota is setting up the ideal organization structure. It helps to clearly understand the purpose and objectives of the organization by everyone. Toyota divided the jobs and responsibilities according to the functions, divisions, department, groups etc.

Matrix structure divides authorities of functions and product structures. In the Toyota structure, Leaders play a key role in the success of the company. The Toyota has few layers of the span of control of leader at the bottom of organization. Their philosophy is to separate responsibility to the lower level. This helps for decision making and smooth flow of information for achieved the objectives. Team leader and group leaders have three basic responsibilities. These are supporting of operations, promotional of the system and leading change. The group leaders play a crucial role in the development of the Toyota structure (Liker & Hoseus, 2008).

Comparisons of other Organization Structures

Traditional Organization Structure: In the traditional organization structure, organization given authorities and responsibilities on top management. There is no middle management. This system works effectively in the small companies. Toyota follows the matrix organization structure. It provides the authorities and responsibilities of the lower level also. In this structure, employee’s also participated of organization decisions and given their suggestions also.

Divisional organization structure: In this structure a team focuses on a single product or services. So that one division will separate to another division. There is no coordination between two divisions. Divisions must be well managed otherwise they are not success. Lower level is not participated in the organization decisions. Toyota follow the matrix structure, in this structure members of different groups working together to develop a new product line (Graubner, 2006).

References:
Abramowicz, W. (2009). Business Information Systems: 12th International Conference. Germany: Springer.
Bollingtoft, A., Håkonsson, D.D. & Nielsen, J.F. (2009). New Approaches to Organization Design: Theory and Practice of Adaptive Enterprises. USA: Springer.
Graubner, M. (2006). Task, firm size, and organizational structure in management consulting. Germany: DUV.
Hiebing, R.G., Hiebing, R. & Cooper, S.W. (2004). The one-day marketing plan: organizing and completing a plan that works (3rd ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill Professional.
Liker, J.K. & Hoseus, M. (2008). Toyota culture: the heart and soul of the Toyota way. USA: McGraw Hill Professional.
Liker, J.K. & Meier, D. (2005). The Toyota way fieldbook: a practical guide for implementing Toyota's 4Ps. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional.
Morgan, J.M. & Liker, J.K. (2006). The Toyota product development system: integrating people, process, and technology. USA: Productivity Press.
Toyota (2011). Toyota Manufacturing UK - Organisational Structure. Retrieved July 29, 2011 from http://recruitment.toyotauk.com/home/org-structure.jsp
Young, F.C. & Pagoso, C.M. (2008). Principles of Marketing. Philippine: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Organizational Strategy and It's Importance

2011-07-29T08:52:00.000-07:00

Organizational Strategy

Strategy of an organisation is the unique position that an organisation aims in the market to gain competitive advantage (Naoum 2001). Strategy is derived from the vision and mission of the organisation. In this, organization has to analyze how a company can adapt themselves with the changing market scenario. Organization needs to do internal as well as external appraisal and based on that strategies should be build upon.

Strategic decisions concern with the whole organisation and requires significant resources. Organizational strategy requires intellectual ability, knowledge, and skills to make the strategies in such a way so that they can deal more effectively with the competitive market conditions, it should be of long term in nature (Cushman, & King 2001).
Objectives of organizational strategy

Top managers have to analyze, strategies that have been made should fit with the organization goals and objectives and providing them a unique feature that helps in building a competitive advantage, strategies should be such that it will provide some benefit to the organization (Rothwell 2010). Optimum utilization of resources that means maximum output with minimum input, it helps in building a competitive advantage that will able to find out company’s current position in the market.

Organization has to identify the future threats and opportunities and then do appraisal of current strengths and weaknesses based on that strategies should be made. Strategies must align with the purpose and motives of the organization and should focus towards the ultimate vision (Dressler 2004).

Importance of organizational strategy

Before starting any company it must have the clear picture of its vision or mission because they have resources, manpower but to utilize in an efficient manner organization needs to form strategies.

Clear perspective: To make the strategies sound and successful, organization must have clear defined goals and put the strategies on the right path. All the strategies, when transferred to the members in the organization they mutually focused towards the goals
Forecasting: Organization must have the capability to forecast the accuracy of its goals so that they can formulate the strategy in a better way (Ronald 2002). On the basis of strategy company can work for a long time by anticipating the future needs of the customer and the market.

Flexibility: To build the competitive advantage organization must have those types of strategies that can be able to face the future challenges and can be modified according to the environment. Some of the organizations disappear due to their poor strategy formulation (Edwards 2007).

Cooperation: Effective strategy translation in all the departments generates better communication. Goals and strategy of the organization should be such that it needs a mutual cooperation of all the members towards its achievement (Pettigrew, Thomas, & Whittington 2006).

Decision making: Organizational Strategy is based on the future assumptions and the upcoming threats and opportunities, according to that organization makes a sound decision and further it helps in achieving the goals efficiently.

Planning: Strategies help in formulation of plans, after making the strategies the organization can make the plans about what to do, how to do, when is to do, and also putting the right members on the right place while working in the organization.

References
Cushman, D.P., & King, S.S. (2001) Excellence in communicating organizational strategy. Albany: SUNY.
Dressler, S. (2004) Strategy, Organizational Effectiveness and Performance Management. Florida: Universal.
Edwards. (2007) International human resource management. South Asia: Pearson.
Hoye, R., Smith, A., Nicholoson, M., Stewart, B., & Westerbeek, H. (2009) Sport Management: Principles and Applications. 2nd ed. USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Naoum, S. (2001) People and organizational management in construction. London: Thomas Telford.
Pettigrew, A.M., Thomas, H., & Whittington, R. (2006) Handbook of strategy and managemant. London: SAGE.
Ronald, R.S. (2002) Organizational success through effective human resources management. USA: Greenwood.
Rothwell, W.J. (2010) Effective succession planning: ensuring leadership continuity and building talent from within. 4th ed. USA: AMACOM.

What is Forecasting and It's Steps

2011-07-28T07:58:00.000-07:00

Forecasting is the technique that predicts the future uncertainties and helps us to cope up with the rapid changing environment. It is based on certain assumptions and uses the past, present, and makes future trend analysis to do the forecasting, it is the management tool that uses various techniques like Delphi technique, regression analysis, trend projection etc. Forecasting is needed in making the decision about the future uncertain events that cannot be controlled. Expertise are required to do the forecasting as it is based on assumptions that need to be accurate because decisions are based on these assumptions (Armstrong 2001).

The scope of forecasting is very wide it is used in every field of lives; in the organization it is helpful in planning, making decision, controlling uncertain events. As the demands and preferences of the customers changes on regular intervals, rapid changes in the technologies, social or political changes, arises the need of forecasting. To sustain in the competitive market and become profitable company has to do forecasting.

Steps in Forecasting

Identify needs of forecasting: It is the first step includes the identification of the resources required and need of forecasting, it also analyzes how much accurate data is needed, organization has to identify the objectives and examine the internal and external changes in the environment that arise the need of forecasting (Shim & Siegel 2006).

Choose things to be forecasted: After analyzing the environment the next step is to identify all those critical areas that need to be forecasted and those plans which need to be revised. Due to the rapid changes in the environment organization have to revise its plans and do forecasting of those areas which is of uncertain in nature.

Time Horizon: This is the third step in forecasting in which the organization has to identify the time that will cover in forecasting, whether it is of short term, medium term, or long term in nature. It should be noted that higher the time in forecasting lower will be the accuracy, so it should be done accurately with limited time period (Ozcan 2009).

Gather Information: After selecting the areas or the problems that need to be forecasted the company has to gather the relevant information related to that and find out all those sources from where the they can take the required data, for this company has to do research and analyze the market scenario. They collect all the information related to the problem after that they scrutinize the collected data and take the necessary information (Makridakis, Wheelwright, & Hyndman 2008).

Selection of forecasting model: In this step the organization has to identify and select the techniques or models based on the complexity of the problem. They have to select according to the financial availability. Company must select those models that will fit to the investigation of the problem. There are various techniques available in the forecasting are like Delphi technique, Regression analysis, moving average, econometrics etc. through this forecasting can be done.

Implementation of forecasting: After selecting the forecasting areas and the parameters this step is to implement the forecasting technique, it is based on assumptions and this is done to make the decision. Through the implementation of forecasting company can predict about the future problems (Cravens 2009).

Monitoring: This is the last step of the forecasting process, in this company has to analyze whether the technique which has been adopted is providing the accurate data or not, if not then company has to take another forecasting technique that will generate more accurate results. They also have to monitor the techniques on regular intervals and do updating according to the changes in the environment that will lead to better decision making (Evans 2002).

We hope this post would be useful for students in helping them with their assignments and homework.

References
Armstrong, J.S. (2001) Principles of forecasting. New York: Springer.
Shim, J.K., & Seigel, J.G. (2006) Handbook of Financial Analysis, Forecasting and Modeling. 3rd ed. Chicago: CCH.
Ozcan, Y.A. (2009) Quantitative Methods in Health Care Management: Techniques and Applications. 2nd ed. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons.
Makridakis, S., Wheelwright, S.C., & Hyndman, J. (2008) Forecasting Methods and Applications. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Cravens. (2009) Strategic Marketing. 8th ed. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Evans, M.K. (2002) Practical Business Forecasting. USA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Project Organization and Matrix Organization

2011-07-26T09:59:00.000-07:00

Project Organization

Project organization establishes for a short span of time, which exist only during the project inception till its completion. In the project organization various project managers are taken from different departments, they work efficiently and after the completion of the project they get back to their own work or they start up with the new project (Harrison, & Lock, 2004). All the project participants have to work according to the organization strategy. It is developed to achieve some of the important projects like disaster recovery, bringing new technology, special projects requires advices of different expertise.

Advantages of Project Organization

Project organization helps in the efficient achievement of the project goals as all the project members have specialized knowledge. It is beneficial to those specialists who cannot work with the structured environment; through project organization they can show their creativity and apply their knowledge. It is very adaptive approach, because of changing Environment, company needs specialists who can cope up with that and achieve their goals. (Cleland, & Ireland, 2006).

It requires less time and cost as it is of temporary in nature and remains during the project only. Project organization enables the specialists to learn new things, increase knowledge, and interaction with other departments. It is helpful in developing the participative and professional management in the organization and also develops healthy relations among various departments.

Matrix Organization

Matrix organization includes various forms of organization structure which is formed by dividing the departments into various functions and each function is headed by the functional manager or the project manager. It is the structure in which the project participants has to report daily to their project manager whose authority flows horizontally and simultaneously they have to report to their department head whose authority flows vertically (Edwards, & Bowen, 2005). It also requires the specialists of various departments who work on the common project. It is the hierarchal structure which is formed by consolidating the various departments and achieves the targets of the project.

Advantages of Matrix Organization

In the matrix organization managers can take sound and effective decision as it is taken by the experts, with the help of the experts, organization can use its resources optimally and efficiently. Through the matrix organization the people who are involved in the project can develop their skills and knowledge other than their specialization. The managers at the top level can concentrate on their organizational strategies as they delegate their work to the lower level managers (Eekhout, 2008). With the help of the matrix organization structure the company can cope up with the changing environment as it involves the expertise in doing the project.

Due to the various members are involved in the structure it leads to the integrity of various department members and also motivates them to do work with full dedication. The project members have to report on the daily basis to the department head as well as project head; it will generate better coordination and communication in the organization. Due to the members from different specialization are involved it leads to higher efficiency at the lower cost with minimum time involvement (Johnson, 2008).

References
Cleland, D.L., & Ireland, L.R. (2006). Project management: strategic design and implementation (5th ed.). US: McGraw-Hill.
Edwards, P., & Bowen, P. (2005). Risk management in Project Organization. Australia: UNSW.
Eekhout, M. (2008). Methodology for product development in architecture. Netherland: OS Press.
Harrison, F.L., & Lock, D.(2004). Advanced project managemant:A structured approach (4th ed.). England: Gower publishing.
Johnson. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. UK. Pearson.

Performance Appraisal and its Methods

2011-07-23T05:51:00.000-07:00

Performance Appraisal is a process that helps organization to improve its human resource’s productivity to achieve some objectives and goals. It can be possible by identifing the strengths and weaknesses of employees. After identification, it goes for the measurement of potentiality, than record that information and lastly it involves development of employees. This whole process generally supervised under the managers or seniors (Erasmus, Swanepoel, Van Wyk, & Schenk, 2003). This post could be a source of information who are looking for assignment help related to performance appraisals.

Performance appraisal is an important tool to improve organizational performance. It provides a benchmark to organization for effective recruitment and selection. It appraises individual performance but through this improvement in performance has been made automatically. Training program is also improve by it because when an employee’s strength and weaknesses is identified than selection of training method become easier for organization (Sims, 2002). So, these factors increase importance of appraisal system in organizational improvement.

Performance appraisal is conducted through different ways in different type of organizations. These ways are called methods of performance appraisal. Basically it can be of two types: Traditional and Modern Methods.

Traditional Methods: These methods are used by organization since very long time. It appraises employees on the bases of their traits. This type includes several methods and related to self-appraisal of employee. These are:

Essay Appraisal Method: This method used by rater to explain employee’s strengths, weaknesses, potentiality etc. also give suggestion for improvement in written form (Cascio, 2006).

Straight Ranking Method: Rater rate employees from top to bottom or best to worse on the bases of performance behavior (Kreitner, 2008).

Critical Incident Method: Supervisor appraises subjective behavior of employee in a particular task or job (Cascio, 2006).

Check List Method: Appraiser appraise employee by prepare a list of normal behavior and check it according to once behavior (Cascio, 2006).

Graphic Rating Scale: In this method each employee rated on the bases of characteristics and it is a graphical representation (Denisi & Griffin, 2005).
Forced Distribution: It make clear difference between successful and unsuccessful performance of employees (Denisi & Griffin, 2005).

Modern Methods: This type of appraisal includes various methods that are introduced from past few decades. It also called results method. These include:

Management by Objectives: It rates employees on the bases of achievement of goals that are mutually decided by manager and employees (Denisi & Griffin, 2005).

360 degree appraisal: appraise employee’s performance from 4 sides that mean manager, subordinate, peer group and customer give feedback about an employee (Kreitner, 2008).

Interview Method: It provides a way to subordinate to discuss about performance and areas of improvement with employee (Denisi & Griffin, 2005).

Both types of methods are used by different type of organizations. But in present scenario, modern methods are used more specifically. In modern method 360 degree appraisal is most usable method in many organizations. Management by objective and interview method are also effective methods but used lesser than 360 degree appraisal (Catano, 2009). It is because 360 degree appraisal provides feedback of any employee from manager, peer group, subordinate and customers. So, it provides all over behavior and performance of employee at all level.

References
Cascio. (2006). Managing Human Resources. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
Catano, V.M. (2009). Recruitment and Selection in Canada (4th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning.
Denisi, A.S., & Griffin, R.W. (2005). Human Resource Management (2nd ed.). USA: Dreamtech Press.
Erasmus, B., Swanepoel, B., Van Wyk, W., & Schenk, H. (2003). South African Human Resource Management: Theory & Practice (3rd ed.). USA: Juta and Company Ltd.
Kreitner, r. (2008). Management (11th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning.
Sims, R.R. (2002). Managing organizational behavior. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Situational Leadership

2011-07-20T21:39:00.000-07:00

Leadership is the ability of an individual to control people and move them in the right direction for achieves objectives. Leadership has been defined in a several ways. It is a process of leading people in the right direction to achieve a common goal. Many situations require leadership. Most common ways of looking at leadership are as a trait, ability, skill, behavior, relationship or a process. Leaders apply leadership for the use of values, ability, skills and knowledge in an organization. A leader needs to be fully aware of the followers (Northouse, 2011). Leadership can also be defined as being able to motivate and inspire others.

One of the most widely recognized approaches to leadership is the situational approach. It was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969, 1972) based on life-cycle theory of leadership. It is also known as the leader-member exchange theory. The situational approach has been redefined and revised several times since its inception. Situational theories are also called contingency theories because the theory is contingent upon the needs of the situation. According to the name situation leadership is based on leadership in according to the situation. So that different kind of situation demands different leadership. From this approach, leader requires to adapt his style according to the different situations. Leaders determine the need in a particular situation then evaluate his employees to perform a given task (Northouse, 2011).

Situational leadership can be understood along four dimensions. These are the personal characteristics of the leader, the nature of the job, the nature of the organization, and the nature of the follower. The fist dimension showed the personal characteristic of the leader. This is traits, skills, ability, experience, personal motivation to achieve, decision making, control the followers. The second dimension required that the nature of the job or the task. It must be defined so the leader understand what must be done. Leader motivated the followers so the followers are performing tasks easily. The third dimension concerns the nature of the organization. It includes the organization rules and policies, corporate culture, the time and resource available, and the organizational expectation. The fourth dimension is the nature of followers. There are personalities, values, needs, ideas, motivations, expectations and experiences. All of these dimensions affect the leader performance and effectiveness (Bertocci & Bertocci, 2009).

Several leadership theories have emerged. These are situational leadership, trait-based leadership, transformational leadership, distributed leadership, servant leadership, collaboration leadership, etc. Leadership is a situational. In the situational approach, different situation demand different kinds of leadership. Leadership effectiveness depends on both the leader and the situation. Some leaders are effective in one situation but not in others. So therefore situation theory indicates that there is no one best way of leading. Leaders must understand their own behavior, the behavior of their subordinates, and the situation at hand (Ladkin, 2010).

Situational leadership is central to applying the theory. Situation leadership theory argues that a high task low relationship combination of leader and subordinates behaviors. Hersey and Blanchard’s diagnosis that the group is now unable to solve a problem and it needs an intervention from the leader. The Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership theory creates minor contributions to the leadership literature. It is focus on the truly situational nature of leadership. Situational leadership applies for measuring leader style, style range and effectiveness (Bryman, 2011).

For the above discussion, it can be said that leadership is situational because they lead according to personal characteristics of leader, nature of job, nature of organization and nature of followers and what is the demand of the given situation.

References:
Northouse, P.G. (2011) Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice. 2nd ed. USA: SAGE Publication Inc.
Northouse, P.G. (2009) Leadership: Theory and Practice. 5th ed. USA: SAGE Publication Inc.
Ladkin, D. (2010) Rethinking leadership: a new look at old leadership questions. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bertocci, D.I. & Bertocci, D.L. (2009) Leadership in Organizations: There Is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers. USA: University Press of America.
Bryman, A. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Leadership. USA: SAGE Publication Inc.

Paid in Capital and Retained Earnings

2011-07-18T00:41:00.000-07:00

Paid in capital and retained earning both are the different section of shareholder’s equity in balance sheet. This difference is important from both an economic and a legal point of view. Paid in capital represented the amount which an investor pays for the stocks of any company. This amount represents the ownership of the investors (Kimmel, Weygandt & Kieso, 2008). Paid in capital is also referred to as contributed capital. It represented the amount of stockholder which they contributed in an organization asset. It is important part of the balance sheet as it shows par value of company’s stock which has issued.

On the other hand retained earning represents earning of an organization after distribution of dividend to their stockholder. This represents only that amount which is generated by firm by its operation. This does not include any amount of shares issued. Retained earnings show the amount which is not distributed among shareholder but is retained in the business itself.

The basic reason is to separate both these sections is to find out clear difference between inputs of stockholder and capital generated from company’s operation (Bierman & JR, 2009). Company’s also legally bound to show both in different section. It is necessary to show share amount and earning of company separated. These both account shows separated so that investor and the corporate itself find out the earning on their stock which they have issued. Paid in capital represented the amount of stocks that company has received from their investor. By retained earning investor can find out the performance of company. This separation is also important for company itself as it tracks its overall performance of their operations.

References
Bierman, H. & JR. (2009). An Introduction to Accounting and Managerial Finance: A Merger of Equals. Singapore: World Scientific.
Kimmel, P.D., Weygandt, J.J. & Kieso, D. E. (2008). Accounting. USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Warren, C. S., James, M. R. & Duchac, J. E. (2008). Financial and Managerial Accounting. USA: Cengage Learning.

Situation Analysis Marks and Spencer

2011-07-12T05:14:00.000-07:00

Situation analysis includes competitor analysis, market analysis, environment analysis, customer analysis and internal analysis. This post by the team of assignmenthelpexperts.com will discuss and analysis environmental factors of Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is one of the UK’s leading retailer companies. Over 21 million people are visiting stores each week. M&S sell clothing, food & home ware. It also includes SWOT analysis and key issues of M&S.

Situation Analysis

Competitor Analysis: Competitor analysis is the process of collecting information about the competitive companies in specific areas. Marks and Spencer is the UK’s leading clothing retailer. But it has competition in other market segments (M&S, 2011). Tesco and Sainsbury are two competitors. Sainsbury has a big food chain and compete M&S in foods & beverage. Also it has many product & services like toys & games, entertainment, sport & leisure (Sainsbury, n. d.). On the other hand, Tesco is a well known brand of services and compete M&S to give best services on a good standard across the world (Tesco, 2011).

Market Analysis: Market analysis of M&S includes some points, its sale increases with 3.9% in clothing & home and 4.1% in food. It includes features like consumer can shop online or over the phone. M&S has 361 wholly-owned, partly-owned and franchised stores in 42 territories in Europe, Middle East and India. In 2010, it establishes its ‘Consumer Barometer’. Its Customer Insight Unit (CUI) conducts a monthly online survey of people (M&S, 2011).

Environmental Analysis: It includes PEST analysis.

Political & Legal: It is important for M&S to follow the government policies. When government introduces climate change levy and Green tax, M&S follow that law and improved its policies. It also produces non-GM (genetically modified) foods.

Economic: After Germany and France, UK is the largest economy in Europe. It is the most important financial center and trading power over two decades (CIA, 2011). Its GDP grew by 0.5%during the last quarter of 2011 (Office for national Statistic, 2011). High GDP helps in making business profitable and it generates income and employment.

Social: In present scenario everyone wants to look good and modern so M&S gives colorful and latest cloths for women. M&S has allowed its customers to pay by credit cards from 18 April 2000 to contend with its competitors who have accepted credit cards for a long time (BBC News, 2000).

Technological: M&S introduce new technologies to increase customers and market growth. It facilitate customer to shop online or over the phone (M&S, 2011).

Customer Analysis: M&S strengthen its customer services by retention campaigns, like delivering best quality, offer discount on larger order. It also facilitate customer to shop in store, online or via mobile. It segmented the clothing line, to introduce school uniform for kids (M&S, 2011).

Internal Analysis: M&S generates total profit of £m598.6 at the end of 52 weeks of 2011. They introduce Plan A in January 2007, setting out 100 commitments to achieve in 5 year. They have now extended Plan A to 180 commitments to achieve by 2015 with the ultimate goal of becoming the world’s most sustainable major retailer. In 2011 they increased the number of people on SMS database by 90% and going to sending over 4 million emails a week to customer. (M&S, 2011).

I hope you will know about situation analysis of Marks and Spencer throw this post, if you need any assignment help or homework help, please do send us an email to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

References
CIA. (n.d.) United Kingdom. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html [Accessed: 8 July, 2011].
Hallbauer, S. (2008) Retail Marketing and New Retail Idea - Marks & Spencer. Germany: GRIN Verlag.
Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E. (2009) Strategic management: competitiveness and globalization: concepts & cases. 8th ed. USA: Cengage Learning.
Marks & Spencer says will axe 1,230 jobs and close 27 stores. (2009) The Economic Times, 7th January, 2009. [Online]. Available at: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-01-07/news/28402714_1_retail-sector-marks-spencer-stuart-rose [Accessed: 8 July, 2009].
Marks and Spencer Reliance India to open 15-stores in 2 years. (2010) The Economic Times, 22nd July, 2010. [Online]. Available at: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-07-22/news/27598260_1_open-15-stores-spencer-reliance-india-joint-venture [Accessed: 8 July, 2011].
Marks and Spencer. (2011) About M&S. [Online]. Available at: http://www.marksandspencer.com/ [Accessed: 7 July, 2011].
Office for National Statistic ( n.d.) Economy [Online] Available at: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=192 [ 8 July, 2011].
Pahl, N. and Richter, A. (2009) SWOT Analysis - Idea, Methodology and A Practical Approach. Germany: GRIN Verlag.
Sainsbury’s. (n.d.) About it. [Online]. Available: http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sol/index.jsp [Accessed at: 7 July, 2011].
Tesco. (2011) About it. [Online]. Available at: http://www.tescohsc.com/index.html [Accessed: 7 July, 2011].
Vijayraghavan, K. (2009) India is very important part of current and future for Marks & Spencer. The Economic Times, 18th February, 2010. [Online]. Available at: http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-02-18/news/27582780_1_marks-spencer-india-and-china-uk [Accessed: 8 July, 2011].

Building a Brand

2011-07-05T03:28:00.000-07:00

It often takes years or decades for building a brand. It helps in creating loyal customer with the company (Heding, Knudtzen & Bjerre, 2009). This blogpost is about the concept of brand in today’s market and the changes evolved in the concept over the time. In this study, Apple is taken as a brand having Magan Fox as brand-ambassador and also other famous character that can be connected with this brand as a case study.

Brand in Today’s Market and its Evolution

Brand in today’s market:

In today’s market, a brand is creation of relationship and emotional link between consumer and company. It is a process of converting prospective customers into loyal fans. According to American Marketing Association (AMA),”Brand is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Healey, 2008).”

Value of brand in today’s market is the result of long journey of brand and this will be further divided into 3 major periods. In the first period, company behind the brand was focused and the action of company influences the consumer most, while in the second period, consumer is the main concern and human prospective approach is adopted by the management. In current situation i.e. in third period, cultural and contextual forces decide the consumption pattern where new literature and articles attracts brand loyalty (Heding, Knudtzen & Bjerre, 2009).

Brand evolved over the time:

In accordance with the above three periods, there are 5 strategies in which brand can be sub-divided.

The economic approach in which the brand is taken as a part of traditional marketing mix.
The identity approach, where the brand represent corporate identity.
The consumer based approach, in this brand is perceived as cognitive construal in the mind of consumer.
The personality approach: The brand is treated as human.
The cultural approach: In this approach the brand is taken as a part of broader cultural fabric.

The Apple brand shines in today’s market after a long journey. It starts from selling the Apple-I personal computer kit in year 1976 at a price of $666.66. Over the year, Apple I computer was sold at $14000. In Year 1978, Apple II installed 570 bases. In year 1980, Apple came with initial public offer. Apple Computers paid $80000 for the world wide right to use the Apple name on computers. In late 1997, Apple changed its logo to solid crystal white logo which was first introduced on lid of PowerBook G3 (Linzmayer, 2004). In year 2005, Apple starts producing Intel based Mac computers. Mac Book Pro and iMac was the first computer using Intel’s Core Duo CPU. Between year 2003 to 2006, Apple stock price increases more than tenfold.

Apple computers release the fourth generation i-Phone with the features like video calling, multitasking, Dashboard applications like Google Maps and Weather, VGA camera and Face Time video chatting with new stainless steel design (Apple Inc. 2011). It provides facility of net browsing applications such as safari and mail.

Target market for Apple:

The target markets for Apple i-phone will be divided into four groups, 15-20 years, 20-25 years, 25-45years, and 45years and up. High school and college age people showcase it for social sites while the age group from 25-45years finds out its uses for business applications and social/personal use (Malley, 2007). In recent years, the company is trying to target the middle class people and more and more youngster, while in the past the price was so high that is only targeted to high income groups.

Competitors of Apple i-phone:

The main competitor for the Apple i-phone is Samsung, which introduce the concept in budget range. Apple's core competency is innovative design and technology. That's the spirit behind its innovation is "Think Different". Today i-phone comprises of portable digital media player, Internet client, and camera that truly surprised the market. Above this, Apple changes the thinking for consumer electronic by its unique features.

Part 2nd: Celebrities good fix for the brand

Celebrities endorse the brand & the target market they connect:

Magan Fox endorse Apple i-phone and good fit for this as she is representing stylish youth of the country. She is connecting the brand with both the youngster of the country and the richer section. She represents it as the style of the youth and attracting them toward the brand. She has been actively taking part in a number of initiatives to help young people around the world to enjoy a better life, while MAC marketing campaign also place great importance on the value of engaging youth. Magan Fox is attracting her fans throughout the world using the leading smart mobile technology.

Other famous characters that could be connected with the Apple:

The famous character like Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig can also connected with this brand, as they are the part of James Bond series in which latest technology is used. Also Henry Rollins, a punk rock musician could be connected with this brand as the gadgets have excellent sound quality. Stephen John Fry, an English actor, comedian, and film director can also be connected with Apple brand, as he represents the old generation is also technologically advances and likes to use these gadgets.

Competitor and their brand ambassadors:

There is cut throat competition in this market. Every company is trying to manufacture the gadgets at the cheaper cost and tries to penetrate the untapped market. More and more exiting features are introduced in the gadgets to attract the customer. Samsung electronics Co. Ltd. recently inked an exclusive agreement with David Beckham to be its global brand ambassador. He is a sports person in the field of football. The other competitors are Viewsonic ViewPad 7, Archos 9 Tablet, Dell Streak and blackberry i-phone.

Conclusion

In the current scenario, building a brand image is crucial exercise that helps in making core competency for the organization. Marketing strategy of the product plays a vital role in creating a brand image of the organization. Apple is constantly evaluating its products and tries to penetrate the market to get the maximum target audience. It has introduced his new product in the range of middle income class group to compete his competitors. This shows that how Apple is conscious in choosing its brand ambassador who can represent its brand with full potential.

We hope that this post would be useful for you to understand the concepts behind developing a brand.If you have any query regarding building a brand or need assignment help or homework help, please do write to us info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or Call us at 001-877-839-9989

Referencing
Apple Inc.(2011). Apple Info. Retrieved July 04, 2011 from http://www.apple.com/ .
Healey, M. (2008). What is branding? Singapore: Rockport Publishers.
Heding, T., Knudtzen, C. F. & Bjerre, M. (2009). Brand management: research, theory and practice. USA: Taylor & Francis.
Kapferer, J. (2008). The new strategic brand management. Britain: Kogan Page Publishers.
Linzmayer, O. W. (2004). Apple confidential 2.0: the definitive history of the world's most colorful company. USA: No Starch Press.
Malley, A. (2007). Apple, AT&T neophytes to define iPhone audience. Retrieved June 27, 2011 from http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/07/06/06/apple_att_neophytes_to_define_iphone_audience_report.html.

Porter’s Generic Strategies

2011-06-29T03:17:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by the team of assignmenthelpexperts.com would explain about the Porter’s Generic Strategies. Companies follow a particular strategy to gain sustainable competitive advantage. According to Porter, companies can get a competitive position by following only a certain generic strategies that he termed as cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cost leadership and differentiation strategies target a large share of market while focus strategy targets a narrow segment of the market. All these strategies require unique kind of organization structures, procedures, control systems, and incentive systems for companies and what particular strategy is to be followed should be decided with a detailed and through internal and external analysis. Porter strongly argued that a company should follow only one of these three strategies.

Cost leadership strategies are followed by companies in such a way that every part of the organization is geared towards keeping the cost minimum, achieving the highest efficiency and meeting the quality standards as per the consumer expectations. Wal-Mart is one company that has executed this strategy quite successfully. McDonald is another company that pursues cost leadership strategy by having standardized processes and tighter management control with minimum management staff. Toyota is another example of a company that follows cost leadership strategy. However it is important to understand that it is not just about offering the products or services at the minimum prices to customers but it is about reducing costs at all aspects of the value chain of the organization, eliminating wastes, innovating at every step and effective leadership and management orientation for this kind of strategy.

Differentiation is another generic strategy in which companies differentiate their offerings on certain aspects of the products’ features that customers give not only product preference to differentiated product but also are willing to pay more. Companies structure the whole organization and its actions in such a way that its products’ perceived value is higher for its consumers with respect to competitor’s products. Companies can strategies to create product differentiation. Companies focus on higher margins than high market share through this kind of strategy. Companies need to have innovative product development and effective marketing strategies for pursuing differentiation strategy.

Another generic strategy is focus strategy that focuses on a niche or narrow segment of the market and offer its products/services to that narrow segment. These offerings could be either following cost leadership or differentiation strategy. Basically by the following this strategy, companies attempt to fulfill the need of a particular segment better that the companies targeting a large market share. Companies try to build strong loyalty of its consumers with its brand.

Michel Porter argues that for the companies to create sustainable competitive advantage in the long run, they need to follow either one of the generic strategy and cannot follow stuck in the middle approach. However, practically there has been some companies who have successfully executed more than one generic strategies. To take this model further, Bowman introduced strategy clock to introduce more options for viable generic strategies for the companies.

We hope that this post would be useful for students for their homework related to strategic management. If you have any query or need assignment help and homework help, please do send us an email to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

ERG Theory of Motivation

2011-06-21T02:21:00.000-07:00

This blog would explain about Alderfer’s ERG Theory of motivation for our students. This blog is written by the experts of assignmenthelpexperts.com. ERG theory is based on the Maslow hierarchy of needs however there are some propositions that differ from Maslow’s theory in ERG theory.

According to Alderfer, needs of employees are divided into three parts such as existence need, relatedness need and growth need. Existence needs are related with basic needs of an employee such as physiological and physical safety needs (Xiao, Qi and Xiao 2009). Relatedness needs are related with wants of employee in which they are interested to develop strong interpersonal relationship with people and also want to attain fame and recognition from public. Growth needs are related with those needs in which they want self-development and personal growth. It is related with Maslow’s self-actualization needs of employees. Level of significance varies from employee to employee for each need (Xiao, Qi and Xiao 2009).

Jiang, Xiao, Qi and Xiao (2009) described that thought of Alderfer’s ERG theory is followed by many organizations while creating a reward strategy. It is because different components of this theory are helpful for creation of reward strategy as it relate the reward strategy with different organizations’ goals and strategies.

Figure 4: Alderfer’s ERG Theory (Source: Michael, Hitt, Miller and Colella 2006)

According to Maslow’s need hierarchy, it is necessary that first a lower need is satisfied and then a higher level need is satisfied but Alderfer’s ERG theory is against this view as Figure 4 reflects that any need can be satisfied in any order as it is possible that an employee is satisfied first with growth need and then relatedness need (Michael, Hitt, Miller and Colella 2006).

ERG theory differs with Maslow theory that it states that at any given point of time, more than one need may be in picture for a particular individual. In ERG theory, there is no focus of level of needs rather an individual may focus of multiple levels of needs. Individuals change from one level of need to another with satisfaction-progression and frustration-regression model i.e. if a need is satisfied, individual progresses to next level of needs. In case, when one level of need is not fulfilled, an individual regresses to below level.

We hope that this post would be useful to you for understanding about ERG Theory. If you have any query regarding this, or you need assignment help, please do send us your queries to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com We would be happy to hear from your side.

References:
Jiang, Z., Xiao, Q., Qi, H. and Xiao, L. (2009) Total Reward Strategy: A Human Resources Management Strategy Going with the Trend of the Times. International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (11), p. 177-183.
Michael, H., Hitt, A., Miller, C.C. and Colella, A. (2006) Organizational Behavior A Strategic Approach, 6th Edition. Canada: John Wiley & Sons.

Leadership and Motivation

2011-06-18T01:50:00.000-07:00

This blog post would highlight different aspects of leadership and its role in motivating employees in the organization. This discussion on leadership and motivation is provided by the team of the experts of assignment help experts.

Leadership is one of the most important aspects for an organization to excel in the competitive market in the long run. Leadership is a process by which a leader motivates, develops, guides, and influences the behavior of others to accomplish the organizational goal. Prime job of a leader is to give direction to people and motivate them to see one uniform goal for the whole group. Every leader has leadership quality that helps to achieve the organizational goal and objective. Good leadership helps in creating confidence and builds the morale of an employee and helps people to see purpose in their work and hence motivating employees to work effectively and efficiently.

There are three main techniques by which an employee may be motivated; those are Validation, Information and Participation (Blue 2010). Leadership has a great role in exchange of information throughout the company, encouraging participation among the employees and validating actions of all the staff in the organization. So leadership has a direct role in affecting employee motivation in a company. A leader improves the quality and skills of an employee and guide to work in an effective manner, so that production increases of the organization. A leader may have autocratic and democratic style. No one style is effective to motivate employees and get the work done. Different circumstances require different kind of leadership styles to motivate employees. A good leader adjusts his leadership style to suit the needs of his follower to motivate them effectively.

A leader is expected to have through knowledge about the organization so that he provides his knowledge to his employees. Excellent knowledge and experience makes good leader. To motivate employees effectively, a leader needs to have very good communication skills. Leadership improves abilities of the employee. Leadership also improves the performance level of an employee. Every employee should be trained in the field of their own, so that he gives their best performance. If a person has quality of a good leader, he can manage easily employees of the organization such that they all give best output to the organization.

Every leader should listen to his employees’ concern to understand their needs and requirements in an effective way i.e. employee involvement should be there in the organization. So leaders should develop such a culture in the company that all parts of the organization are working to motivate each other. From this discussion, it can be concluded that motivating employees is an important part of the job of leaders in a company.

If you need help with your homework or looking for a writer for assignments help, please do visit our site www.assignmenthelpexperts.com or send us a query to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Resolving and Assessing Emerging Issues of Human Resource Management

2011-06-07T23:34:00.000-07:00

This post is in continuation to our last post related emerging HR issues. This post would discuss about how to assess and resolve Emerging issues related to human resource management in an organization.

Open Communication:

In order to assess these issues open communication with employees is helpful to HR manager. By an effective communication process, HR manager can identify basic problems and issues of employees and try to solve in right time with effective rules and policies (Buchanan & Bryman, 2009).

Internal Assessment:

HR manager needs to communicate with management team of the organization to become aware of what issues they have and how to address them. Manager can use objectives and mission as guidelines to identify problems. HR manager can create effective communication with colleagues to communicate problems and issues with the management team. This helps the manager to identify problems and issues within the organization (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009).

External Assessment:

Federal and state government, partnerships, marketing teams; organizations are also helpful to HR manager to assess problems and issues. Personal relationship with other organizational members and employees can also helpful to manager to assess the critical issues in domestic and international market. Newsletters and records of government and private organization are also helpful to HR manager to assess the critical issues (Schweyer, Newman & DeVries, 2009).

Projections:

Economic development, demographic and trends of biological and physical resources are also helpful to HR manager to identify problems and issues within the organization. By economic development and change in demographic environment helps HR manager to think about organization policies and emerging issues (Buchanan & Bryman, 2009).

Performance Parameters:

Performance parameters also support the HR manager to assess these issues. By using performance parameters and establishing performance indicators in an organization, HR manager can assess the issues and problems and manage diversified workforce (Schweyer, Newman & DeVries, 2009).

Resolve Emerging Issues

Training and Development Program:

In order to resolve emerging issues, HR manager should provide training and development programs to the employees. These programs would help the manager to polish the hidden skills and talent of employees and improve their abilities to cope with change (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009).

Compensation and Benefits Practices:

HR manager should also offer compensation and benefits to all employees specially aging employees of organization. It is helpful to motivate employees towards work or some specific assignment in the organization. These practices assist the HR manager to retain key employees and reduce employee turnover in organization (Brown, 2006).

Communication and feedback System:

To resolve critical issues at domestic and international level, HR manager should develop the open communication and feedback system in the organization. By an effective communication channel, employees and management can share these problems and experiences with other employees and executives. In order to know about the resolution success, HR manager should collect the feedback from his colleagues, employees and workers of an organization. Feedback system would allow manager to review employee perception that can help manager to manage diverse workforce at global level (Goldsmith, 2007).

Involvement:

To assess the critical issues in effective manner, HR manager should involve at every steps such as selection, performance management and measurement, training and development, setting up of clear and specific set of goals, designing teams, designing new HR policies etc. Involvement in these steps helps the HR manager to assess organizational issues at domestic as well as global level (Brown, 2006).

If you need help with assignment or need any clarification or tutoring for human resource management, please send us an email to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com with your detailed query.

References
Brown, D. R. (2006). An Experiential Approach to Organization Development. Pearson Education.
Buchanan, D. A. & Bryman, A. (2009). The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Research Methods. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Goldsmith, M. (2007). Leading Organizational Learning. John Wiley & Sons.
Griffin, R. W. & Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Cengage Learning.
Schweyer, A., Newman, E. & DeVries, P. (2009). Talent Management Technologies: A Buyer's Guide to New, Innovative Solutions. AuthorHouse.
Vernez, G. (2007). Workforce Planning and Development Processes: A Practical Guide. Rand Corporation.

Emerging Issues in HRM (Human Resource Management)

2011-06-06T01:48:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by the experts of assignmenthelpexperts.com would inform our readers about the emerging issues in human resource management (HR). Below list highlights and describes some of the main emerging issues related to HR that are very important for organizations to manage effectively.

Workforce planning and development:

Recruitment of right person on right job is a critical issue in domestic as well as international market for the organization. In an organization, HR manager is fully responsible for recruitment of right person. Because of different culture and religion, it is difficult to provide the required training and development programs to the employees at global level (Vernez, 2007).

Managing Talent:

Managing talent is also a critical issue to address at international level due to high competition. Cultural change at global level create complication to manage skills and talent of diversify workforce to implement the strategies and plans in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives. It also affects the training and development programs of organization (Schweyer, Newman & DeVries, 2009).

Managing Globalization:

Presently, managing globalization is also a critical issue for HR manager. Due to globalization and regular changes in technological and social environment, liberalization of trade policies and regulations, etc. it has become critical for HR managers to cope with the competitive environment that affects the performance of organization at domestic as well as global platform (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009).

Managing Demographic Workforce:

Managing demographic workforce is also an emerging issue for the organization and HR department. At domestic and global level, there are many policies and regulation that affects the recruitment policy of an organization to manage people specially, aging workforce. Company’s pension plan, retirement benefits for aging people are affected by the governmental policies (Vernez, 2007). This is a very important and difficult challenge for HR managers in recent times.

Managing Changes and Cultural Transformation:

Managing organizational changes and culture at global level also creates the issues for organization and HR department. In most of the time, organizational changes create conflicts between employees and management team that affects the culture of the organization (Schweyer, Newman & DeVries, 2009). So change management is an important emerging issues for the HR managers.

If you need any further regarding human resource management or need assignments help or homework help, please do send us your query to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

References

Griffin, R. W. & Moorhead, G. (2009). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Cengage Learning.
Schweyer, A., Newman, E. & DeVries, P. (2009). Talent Management Technologies: A Buyer's Guide to New, Innovative Solutions. AuthorHouse.
Vernez, G. (2007). Workforce Planning and Development Processes: A Practical Guide. Rand Corporation.

Supply Chain Management and its Component

2011-05-31T00:04:00.000-07:00

This blog by the team of assignmenthelpexperts.com would explain our reader about supply chain management and its various components. In the current business scenario, supply chain requires great consideration as it can increase value of whole production process of an organization. Supply chain is basically the whole process starting from the raw material from the suppliers to manufacturing to packaging to warehouse to distribution to final reach of the product or service to its intended consumers. So there is lot of components in a supply chain of a large company.

To analyze components of supply chain, Wal-Mart is taken that is global leader in retail industry and also the largest corporation in the world (Walmart 2011). Wal-Mart is continuously developing its business by developing its services and product portfolio. The supply chain of Wal-Mart is also effective to enhance its effectiveness within the industry (Hoppenstedt & Rathkolb 2005). This paper will discuss about supply chain components and problems and approaches to solve the problem.

Components of Supply chain Management

Supply chain is a network that is used in business concern to sustain the exact flow of information in the organization (Jespersen & Larsen 2011). Following are the six key components of the Wal-Mart’s supply chain:

Production

Production is an important element of the supply chain of Wal-Mart. Strategic decisions of Wal-Mart regarding production focuses on customer needs, demand from market, capacity, quality and volume of goods (Wal-Mart 2011). There are some problems that may occur in the production of Wal-Mart such as changes in tastes & preferences of customers, new technology, and low quality of raw material. To approach this problem for supply chain component, Wal-Mart should conduct surveys and get continuous feedback from customers in timely intervals as it would be effective to continue with the production as per their changing needs and requirements (Jespersen & Larsen 2011).

Supply:

Supply is an outsourcing process as through this an organization obtains required material and inputs for production of its products & services. It is one of the major components of the supply chain of Wal-Mart (Wisner, Tan & Leong 2008). Wal-Mart focuses on the quality of product, flexibility in prices, developing velocity to determine supply of inputs that helps to maintain its low cost strategy continue (Wal-Mart 2011). The price consideration in selecting the supplier for raw material may create problem for Wal-Mart as it would affect its supply chain management. To reduce this problem, management of Wal-Mart should consider developing velocity, flexibility and quality in selecting suppliers as it would be effective to reduce cost and to maintain lower cost level (Hoppenstedt & Rathkolb 2005).

Inventory:

Inventory is also an important element of supply chain management as it is essential for management to determine appropriate level of inventory within the business to increase competitiveness. For effective management of inventory, Wal-Mart focuses on day to day stock bases through Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. It is a technology that is basically used to track remaining goods within organization (Wal-Mart 2011). By this technology company can identify product availability through bar codes that are printed on them. The more traffic in network may create problem in effective utilization of this technique and may interpret wrong information that may affect the organizational effectiveness (Hugos 2006). Increase in server database, continuous improvement in technology will be effective to minimize impact of this technique over supply chain management.

Location:

Location is also an important part of business as it determines success of the business (Lambert 2008). Wal-Mart emphasizes on customer demands and determination of customer’s satisfaction in determining places for its stores. Identification of customer demand helps to determine the locations for store and production facilities close to the consumers (Wal-Mart 2011). The selection of inappropriate locations in other region without considering income level and living standard of the customers may create problem for Wal-Mart in location selection. The analysis of macro and micro environment before selecting location would be effective to increase the supply chain management of the organization (Lambert 2008).

Transportation:

Transportation is intimately related to inventory decisions and also with the customer requirements (Bolstorff & Rosenbaum 2007). Wal-Mart uses stores to offer its products to the customers and by its own trucks for delivery (Wal-Mart 2011). The use of store and its own truck for transportation may create problem as strike by the employees may affect the delivery of its goods to the customers that would affect its market share and customer base. To eliminate this problem, management of Wal-Mart could make arrangement with external transportation companies that will be used in the situation of strike (Bolstorff & Rosenbaum 2007).

Information:

Information is an important component of the supply chain of an organization as it includes collection of information from end-users and to link them with resources (Li 2007). Wal-Mart is using linked computers through the internet to execute information globally. All the stores globally are connected with each other that help to get customer feedback and information and to implement them within the business (Wal-Mart 2011). The information sharing with global stores through the internet may create problem of misuse of data and theft of data. To manage this problem, organization should use proper security and password protection for using information.

I hope that this post makes your better understand about Supply Chain Management and its Component but If you need any further help about supply chain management assignments or homework or you need assignments help with any other topic, please do send us an email to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

References
Bolstorff, P. & Rosenbaum, R. G. (2007) Supply chain excellence: a handbook for dramatic improvement using the SCOR model. 2nd ed. USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.
Hoppenstedt, W. & Rathkolb, O. (2005) Global Management. Germany: LIT Verlag Münster.
Hugos, M. H. (2006) Essentials of supply chain management. 2nd ed. USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Jespersen, B. D. & Larsen, T. S. (2005) Supply chain management: in theory and practice. USA : Copenhagen Business School Press DK.
Lambert, D. M. (2008) Supply chain management: processes, partnerships, performance. 3rd ed. USA: Supply Chain Management Inst.
Li, L. (2007) Supply chain management: concepts, techniques and practices enhancing the value through collaboration. Singapore: World Scientific.
Walmart. (2011) [Online]. Available at: http://www.walmart.com/ [Accessed: 27 May 2011].
Wisner, J. D., Tan, KC & Leong, G. K. (2008) Principles of Supply Chain Management,(2nded.). Cengage Learning.

Herzberg’s Theory of Motivation

2011-05-28T00:44:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by the team of assignmenthelpexperts.com would help our readers understand about Herzberg’s two factors theory of motivation. What motivates and provide job satisfaction to employees has always been an important question in the management world. There are many theories on employee motivation like Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Herzberg’s theory of motivation, Equity theory of motivation, Alderfer’s ERG Theory etc.

Herzberg provided a two factor theory of motivation explaining what motivates employees in the workplace. According to him, there are two factors, hygiene factors and motivators that influence job satisfaction. He defined motivators’ factor as those factors by which employees of an organization are satisfied and achieve a physiological growth. There are different motivators’ factors such as recognition, responsibility, achievement, advancement and work (Duening and Ivancevich 2003). On the other hand, hygiene factors are those factors that result in dissatisfaction of employees. There are also different hygiene factors such as salary, working condition, policies and administration of companies and interpersonal relation (Duening and Ivancevich 2003).

Herzberg differentiated between physiological and psychological needs of employees and mentioned that once the physiological needs of the employees are satisfied, psychological needs like sense of achievement and growth becomes very important for them. So while designing human resource policies of the company, it is very important for the companies to consider both physiological and psychological needs.

Herzberg does not ignore the importance of good salary for employee motivation. Herzberg’s two-factor theory develops a relationship between money and motivation. It is because as salary is a hygiene factor that result in dissatisfaction of employees and for this it is necessary that salary should be effective in order to satisfy employees (Hodgetts, Luthans and Doh 2005). Along with salary, jobs should be such designed that they offer sufficient challenge to employees and give the maximum responsibility and accountability.

Herzberg’s theory have lot of implications on management of employees and forced a change in the management world how employees should be motivated in the workplace. As per this theory, a more holistic and personalised approach is required to manage employees.

If need more explanation about theory’s of motivation of employees or you need assignment services or homework help, please do send us an email to info@assignemnthelpexperts.com or call us at 001-877-839-9989

References:
Mathis, R.L. and Jackson, J.H. (2008) Human Resource Management, 12th Edition. USA: Cengage Learning.
Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G. (2009) Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, 8th Edition. Canada: Cengage Learning.

Learning Organisations

2011-05-25T23:40:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by assignmenthelpexperts.com would help our student learn about the basics of ‘Learning Organisation’. Learning organization can be defined as the organizations that are constantly engaged towards continuous learning to survive in this competitive environment. Learning organizations helps to create a culture that supports continuous employee development within the organization. In other words, one can say that learning organizations are the place where an employee keeps on learning making mistakes and generate new ideas through experience and experiments (Chawla & Renesch, 2006). Learning organizations further help to promote a specific workforce in the organization through effective exchange of ideas and information.

Learning in the organization is not just an individual learning instead it is learning process of whole of organization that arises through the interaction between the groups. Following are some of the characteristics of learning organizations that makes it different from other organization:

Learning culture: The learning culture is most important characteristics of a learning organization that determines the sustainability of these organizations in the market. The free flow of information and ideas is the function of these organizations (Atak & Erturgut, 2010). At the same time, these organizations also have openness and commitment of employees towards constant learning.

Process: Learning organizations also have effective internal processes to support its learning attitude. Knowledge management, competitor analysis, and performance measurement are some of the internal processes that support constant learning in the organization (Dealtry, 2008). These processes provide organization with the necessary information needed for its continuous learning.

Tools and techniques: Learning organizations also have different tools and techniques that it uses to support its learning process. In learning organization, the different tools like communication, listening, observation, challenge handling etc plays an important role determine its effectiveness to sustain in the market.

Supportive environment: The learning organizations also have supportive work environment that helps organization in constant learning. The supportive work environment will encourage the juniors to consult with the seniors consistently for constant learning (Atak & Erturgut, 2010). At the same time, the supportive work environment can provide boost to the learning process through effectively solving out the problems of the conflict between the individuals.

Skill and motivation: The learning organizations also have a feature of skills and motivation to derive learning throughout the organization. The motivational factor is an important element in the learning organization that determines the effectiveness of these organizations (Barr & Saraceno, 2009).

In addition to this, the learning attitude in these organizations also provides certain benefit to the organization. In today’s competitive world, the concept of learning organization is very popular among organizations because of following reason:

Superior performance and competitive advantage: It is important to implement the concept of learning organization because it provides organization with superior performance in compare to its competitors (London & Sessa, 2006). At the same time, it also provides competitive advantage to the organization to sustain in this competitive world.

Manage change and risk effectively: The learning attitude in the organizations also helps to manage risk and change effectively. With the changing environment and technology, there emerged a lot of change and risk in the organization. The learning attitude helps to determine these factors effectively (Chawla & Renesch, 2006).

Assist for Customer Satisfaction: Today customer wants advanced and innovated products from organizations. The learning attitude helps to provide much satisfaction to customers through innovated products and services. If you need any homework help or assignment help with regarding to learning organizations or any other subject, please do email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

References

Atak, M. & Erturgut, R. (2010). An empirical analysis on the relation between learning organization and organizational commitment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (2), 3472-3476.
Barr, J. & Saraceno, F. (2009). Organization, learning and cooperation. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 70 (1), 39-53.
Chawla, S. & Renesch, J. (2006). Learning Organizations: Developing Cultures for Tomorrow's Workplace. USA: Productivity Press.
Dealtry, R. (2008). The corporate university's role in managing an epoch in learning organization innovation. UK: Intellectual Partnerships.
London, M. & Sessa, V. (2006). Continuous learning in organizations: individual, group, and organizational perspectives. USA: Routledge.

Employee Remuneration and Motivation

2011-05-22T22:05:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by the experts of assignmenthelpexperts.com would discuss about different concepts related to employee remuneration and their motivations.

Zugner and Ullrich (2007) defined remuneration as a tool that influences people to work hard. An organization can use different methods of remunerating to an employee. For example, some organizations provide fixed level of wages and salaries to employees that are according to the skills and position of the employees. Hartill (2009) said that managers provide higher remuneration to motivate the employees to improve their performance. Heneman and Werner (2005) described that most of managers use both monetary and non-monetary incentives to reward employees. Robbins (2009) and Heneman and Werner (2005) managers generally uses different types of monetary incentives such as basic pay that is directly to their work and other financial incentives such as pensions, clothing allowance, travel allowance, baby care allowance, transport and meal allowance in order to provide remuneration to employees.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

According to Wan (2008) current business managers are moving towards flexible salary and remuneration systems from traditional view that was fixed. The main emphasis of flexible remuneration system is achievement of goals, performance based pay and also there remains less emphasis on incrementing basic pay (Estay, Lakshman, and Pesme 2011). For example, most of UK organizations provide bonuses to employees that are based on accomplishment of a particular task and level of efficiency (Wan 2008). It also motivates employees to enhance their efficiency. It has been discussed by Perry, Mesch and Paarlberg (2006) that global trends of remuneration can be divided into three parts such as benefits, cash compensation and incentives.

In current scenario, organizations also develop a board level remuneration committee with the involvement of non-executives in order to build best remuneration practices. This committee has an effective control on organizations remuneration policies that helps in maintain remuneration practices (Australian Institute of Company Directors 2004). To create an effective remuneration process, many managers use a process that includes different parts such as analysis of current wage and incentives in a particular industry for same performance level of an employee, consideration of several laws and regulations related with remuneration policy and employee expectations (Armstrong, Murlis and Hay 2007). On the basis of this process, an organization can create an effective remuneration practice in which it adopts a flexible remuneration policy in order to manage different environmental changes.
Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4

If you are looking for human resource management assignment help, please do email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or you need assignment help or homework help, please send us an email now.

Different Leadership Theories

2011-05-16T22:11:00.000-07:00

This blog post by the team of assignmenthelpexperts.com would help our students and readers learn about different leadership theories. Leadership can be defined as the process of influencing the behavior of others to work eagerly and passionately for achieving the predetermined goals. Some specific theories of leadership are as follows:

Great Man Theories: This theory is based on the term of military leadership, because at the time, leadership primarily thought about male quality. It is one of the first attempts to explain the leadership. This concept also refers to belief that great leaders are not made but born with unique characteristics (Schyns and Meindl 2005).

Trait Theories: It shows the characteristics and leadership quality of both successful and unsuccessful leader. It is a logical pleasant theory. Trait theory creates awareness among managers about their weaknesses and strengths. Additionally it also helps the leaders to understand quality of a good leader (Winkler 2009). This theory of leadership also explores that some an individual born with some traits but few leadership traits are developed by his efforts. It identifies the intelligence and knowledge level of a manger related to the particular task. It also shows the level of energy and confidence of leader.

Contingency Theories: This theory of leadership is basically focuses on individual variables as per the environment. It suggests leaders that which traits are adopted as per the environment or task. Additionally, in this, style leader always identifies favorable and unfavorable situations (Wart 2007). This also maintains and describes the relationship between leaders and subordinates. Contingency leadership theory explains leadership in term of individual and as well as response of group.

Situational Theories: This theory refers to those leaders, which are flexible for each situation and implements best course of action as per environmental changes. This theory is also known as life cycle leadership theory. The situational leadership theory refers to most effective leadership style the level of maturity (Bryman 2011), for example, Richard Benson, who manages his leadership behavior as per different situations.

Behavioral Theories: This theory is based on the belief that great leaders are not born and they are made. This theory is not assumed the mental quality and internal status of leaders but only focus on the actions of the leaders (Wart 2007).

Participative Theories: This theory is suggested the ideal leadership style that takes the input of subordinates and followers. Formal authority is in hands of leaders but he always takes suggestion and ideas from followers to manage situation as well. In participative theory leaders treats to subordinates as equal and encourage them to work with zeal and enthusiasm (Kusluvan 2003).

Management Theories: This theory is also called as transactional theory. It concretes on the supervision of organization and all managerial activities. Management theory is also based the system of giving punishments and rewards. When the employees are successful, the management gives rewards and vice versa. This theory also emphasizes the procedures and efficiency of organization, and as well as rules and contracts (Schyns and Meindl 2005).

Relationship Theories: This theory is also known as transformational theory. It explores the relationship between the leaders and followers. In this theory leaders focuses on performance of each group member (Bryman 2011).

Thus, different leadership theories focus on different characteristics and ideas of leaders to motivate subordinates. If you would like to know more about leadership theories or if you need assignment help, please email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

References
Bryman, A. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Leadership. Singapur: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Kusluvan, S. (2003) Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry.USA: Nova Publishers.

Schyns, B. and Meindl, J. R. (2005) Implicit Leadership Theories: Essays and Explorations. USA: IAP.

Wart, M.V. (2007) Leadership in Public Organizations: an Introduction. USA: M.E. Sharpe.

Winkler, I. (2009) Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. NEW YORK: Springer.

Market Positioning Strategy and How a Company Selects a Positioning

2011-05-04T00:47:00.000-07:00

This blogpost by the experts of Assignmenthelpexperts.com would explain about what is market positioning and how a company select a particular positioning for its product.

Marketing positioning refers to a process through which marketers try to establish an image or identity in the minds of their target market in regard to their product, brand or company. It is an act of designing a firm’s product and image to attain a significant place in the minds of its target market (Cant, Strydom & Jooste, 2009). The aim of this positioning is to locate a specific brand in the minds of consumers so that potential benefits for firm can be maximized. An effective positioning helps a firm in its marketing strategy by elucidating the brand’s access, how its helps consumers in attaining specific goals and by explaining that how it will do so in a distinctive manner (Darling, 2001).

How a company selects a particular positioning for its product

Marketing positioning is a firm’s use of its own marketing strategy to establish and maintain a specific image in the minds of its target market consumers. Subsequent to the identification of a target market, marketers try to affect that how consumers see their product or brand and how that company is perceived in comparison to the existing competition (Darling, 2001). All marketers are aware with the fact that consumers formulate mental positions for specific products that are based on a single characteristic or imperfect experience.

In this regard, marketers carry out research to understand that how its consumers develop positions and what are the positions of their offerings among consumers. To develop a positioning, marketer of a product normally makes use of a three-step process. Initially, marketer selects a positioning concept that assist in finding out what is significant to consumers (Kurtz, MacKenzie & Snow, 2009). Like Domino’s Pizza company knows that for its consumer’s delivery, speed and good quality is important so its positioning concept is “A good, hot pizza delivered to your door within 30 minutes of ordering (Kotler & Armstrong, 2008).

Subsequent to the selection of a positioning statement, marketers design the dimension or attributes that can significantly express the position to the target market consumers. A product position can be expressed with the help of different product elements like its appearance, brand name, slogan and the place where it is sold and as well as in several other ways. Like Benson & Hedges position its cigarettes in regard to taste and lightness whereas While Edgars is recognized for its high quality garments (Cant, Strydom & Jooste, 2009).

All these attributes and elements need to be adjusted or changed for developing a positioning strategy in accordance to changing consumer needs and competition. In addition to above discussed elements, a marketer can also position its product in regard to several alternatives (Kotler & Armstrong, 2008). One key alternative used in present is to position a product directly against the competition. For instance, Southwest Airlines has significantly positioned itself as the low-cost alternative in comparison to the major airlines (Peter & Donnelly, 2002).

Subsequent to positioning a product on specific attributes and aspects, it is essential to distinguish specific product or brand and create differential advantage that can be done on the basis of its price and quality (Hassan & Craft, 2005). Nowadays most of the hotel chains distinguish themselves from their competitors on the basis of price and quality offered. In present some dry cleaning stores promote their offerings on the basis of their use of environment friendly cleaning agents that depict that how a marketer can position its product.

If you have further query regarding market positioning or how a company can position its product or you need assignment help with your assignments, please email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us at 001-877-839-9989

References
Cant, M.C., Strydom, J.W. & Jooste, C.J. (2009). Marketing Management (5th ed.). Juta and Company Ltd.
Darling, J.R. (2001). Successful competitive positioning: the key for entry into the European consumer market. European Business Review, 13 (4), p. 209-220.
Hassan, S.S. & Craft, S.H. (2005). Linking global market segmentation decisions with strategic positioning options. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22 (2), p. 81-89.
Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of Marketing (12th ed). Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Kurtz, D.L., MacKenzie, H.F. & Snow, K. (2009). Contemporary Marketing (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning.
Peter, J. P. & Donnelly, J. H. (2002). A Preface to Marketing Management (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional.

Balanced Scorecard Strategy, Importance and Implementation Plan

2011-04-28T22:55:00.000-07:00

Balance scorecard plays a key role in formulating strategies in the business organizations. In today’s competitive world, most of the organizations use the balance scorecard to measure the performance of the organization on the basis of traditional financial figures as well as non financial measurements (Chiu, Tsai & Chung, 2007). This post by the experts of assignmenthelpexperts.com discusses about the balanced scorecard and how company can use it to deliver high performance in the market.

In the competitive world, organizations use balance scorecard to predict future financial success with the help of financial as well as non financial measurement. Balance scorecard was developed in 1992 by Kaplan and Norton. They proposed balance scorecard as a kind of managerial system which assist the organization to carry out the strategies. It is a most influence management instrument, which helps the organization to measure performance (Niven, 2005). Balance scorecard helps the organization to transform vision and strategies into objectives and measurement indicators.

The balance scorecard helps the organization for the long term investment in customers, employees, in new product development and in system. An organization can use the effective balance scorecard to deliver high performance in the market with the help of four interrelated perspectives such as financial, customers, internal business process and learning and growth (Hubbard, 2004).

Financial Perspective:

Financial perspective is an important component of balance scorecard in the for-profit, public and non-profit organizations. In the for-profit organizations, the measures in financial perspective help the organization management to find out that strategy execution in the organization improve the financial performance and bottom line results. In the public and non-profit organizations, financial perspective ensures the management that organization achieving their desire result with effective and efficient manner with cost minimization (Niven, 2005). In order to deliver high performance in the market, financial perspective helps the organizations to maximize assets utilization, revenue and profitability in the market.

Customer perspective of balance scorecard also helps the organization to deliver high performance in the market. In the customer perspective, organizations identify the customer and market segments for competition with other market players. The customer perspective helps the organization to compare their core customer outcome measures such as satisfaction, loyalty, retention, acquisition and profitability to targeted customer and market segments. Most of the organizations chose value proposition to create differentiation from competitors by the operational excellence, product leadership and customer intimacy (Hubbard, 2004). These help the organizations to measure customer perspective and also help organizations to deliver high performance in the market.

Internal Processes Perspective:

In the internal process perspective of balance scorecard, organizations identify the key processes by which organizations can add values for the customers in order to sustain in the market. By this perspective, an organization can identify those processes and develop their best possible measures that help organization to deliver high performance in the market.

Organization can choose any discipline to deliver high customer satisfaction in the market. In order to satisfy customers, organization has to identify entirely new internal processes that help the organizations to deliver best products to the customers (Niven, 2005). In internal processes perspective, an organization can improve their service delivery system, community partnership and reporting etc. This can be helpful to organization to deliver high performance in the market.

Learning and Growth Perspective:

By developing learning and growth perspective, organizations can deliver high performance in the market. The learning and growth perspective provides the framework to identify that the objectives are achieved or not. The objectives of learning and growth perspective are the drivers of achieving excellent outcomes in the first three scorecard perspective (Hubbard, 2004).

Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that balance scorecard helps the management and employees to achieve success and long term goals of the organization. Balance scorecard helps the organization to achieve competitive advantage and deliver best products and services to the customers in the market. By the four perspectives of balance scorecard such as financial, customer, internal processes and learning and growth, an organization can measure the performance and try to develop strategies to attract customers in the market.

If you need any further information about balanced scorecard or need assignment help or homework help, please email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us at 001-877-839-9989

Human Resource Information System Definition

2011-04-27T22:05:00.000-07:00

This post by our assignment help experts is to help our readers know more about what is human resource information system, its application and concern in its usage.

Human Resource Information Systems are like any other information system used to gather, store, retrieve, analyze, store data related to human resources of an organization. HRIS helps managers take HR decisions more objectively and helping develop a fair human resource management system in an organization. This system also helps in evaluating whether HR strategy and organizational strategy are in sync with each other. Normally HRIS works on a computerized system with hardware and customized software as per the needs of the information system required by the organization.

HRIS helps organizations keeping track of employee information, streamlining and managing recruitment and selection, managing performance appraisals, keeping skills inventory of human resources, payroll management etc. What would comprise in a HRIS of a company would depend upon the nature of the companies and its human resource requirements. Companies like Oracle, SAP provide pre-package software solutions for the HRIS.

There are concerns regarding usage of human resource information systems in the companies. Biggest concern in privacy and security of the data of the employees. HRIS can give easy access to all employees’ information if not properly secured. As many managers do not understand the IT security related issues, this could be a big threat in implementation of HRIS in a company. Companies shall thoroughly evaluate security and privacy concerns while the time of implementation.

Many companies are realizing the importance of having an effective HRIS and this has helped in continuous growth in implementation of HRIS in many big size companies. Slowly, even mid size companies are also deploying HR Systems.

We hope that this post would have helped you understand about human resource information system but If you still need Human Resource management help or any other subject assignment help, please do write to us at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us 001-877-839-9989

Customer Relationship Management Role, Strategy or Paper, CRM in FMCG

2011-04-14T21:37:00.000-07:00

Due to the competition in the market, the customer relationship management plays the very important role in any business. The most of the business success and failure depends upon the customer. Customer relationship management strategy of any organization helps in increasing profit, Brand Value or Image, Market Share or expansion, Growth and stable and maintaining cost of organizations. The many companies like Nokia, Wal-Mart, Pepsi, Coca- Cola and Sony etc are having strong Customer relationship management. These companies provide low cost and durable products to customers as they know that if the customers are happy then company sales will be increase day by day.

Customer relationship management role is the becoming very important tool for Fast moving consumer goods ( FMCG). Fast moving consumer good means providing excellent quality products with very low cost. In fact Fast moving consumer goods are very small like soft drink company coca- cola they sell the soft drinks in large amount then the profit will be automatically large.

In the present scenario, customers are the key part of the market of any business. If the relationship with the customer is good then it helps to increase the business at retail stores. For maintaining good relations with the customers, companies providing additional or effective services to customers like free home delivery of minimum quantity of products within five miles. This type of marketing attracts the old customers and new customer automatically adds at the retail stores.

In the present scenario, the customer needs or requirements are changing day by day. Customers always prefer go retail store that have different and good quantity of Fast moving consumer goods. Due to the high need and consumption of FMCG products, customer relationship management plays a very important role for retaining customers.

In the above discussion, we can say that Customer relationship management is the very important role in Fast moving consumer goods and we have provided the guidelines how to write customer relationship management paper. If you still not understand the role of CRM, then do contact us, we are best assignment help services that can solve any assignment related to management subjects. Please check our sample work for your satisfaction. We are very good knowledge of APA, Harvard, MLA and AGCL referencing style and we use in text referencing. We assure that our work would be original and there will not be any plagiarism. Please call us or e-mail us for solve your assignment or tell us your number we will call you. We also, assure you that your e-mail address and phone number will be 100% secure and will not tell to anyone. So do not wait and contact us ASAP and get good grades with guarantee.

Our Contact details are:
E-mail: info@assignmenthelpexperts.com
Phone: 001-877-839-9989
Website: http://www.assignmenthelpexperts.com/

Marketing Strategy Planning, Marketing Strategy of General Motors

2011-04-13T21:09:00.000-07:00

Marketing Strategy plays the one of the most important role to achieve company goals and objectives. The main objective of the marketing strategy is Customers satisfaction and increases the sales with less cost of the any product with good quality as compare with the competitive market.

To more understand the concept of marketing strategy let we take General Motors. General
Motor is the one of the best automobile company in the word. General Motors manufacturing the cars and trucks in the international market. GM brands of vehicles are Chevrole, Buick, Holden, Opel, Wuling and Vauxhall, Cadillac. Due to the presence of the lots of automobile companies, The General Motors is facing very high completion.

Marketing Strategy is the balance way that is used by the company for increasing sales and profit with customer’s satisfaction and less expanses. Marketing strategy of the General Motors mainly Used the segmentation, target and positioning strategy.

General Motors segmentation strategy is main aim to target the different groups. In this GM think that the whole market is single market so the General Motors design the car with the different range of cost and its design the strategy according to the Income, Age, Family, occupation. In the target strategy, the GM targets the upper, middle and lower class group and sells the products to customers according to the need and income. The positioning strategy of the company is change time to time by the Upper management and it’s always according to customer’s requirement.

In above we provide the basic principal of the market strategy of the General Motors. Marketing Strategy is plays the very important in the business and the business success and failure always depends upon on the marker strategy.

If you still have any doubt to understand the principal of marketing strategy then do contact us. We are best team of management tutors who can solve any assignment or homework. We have written thousand of paper and we are providing management assignment help to students of different universities with zero percentage plagiarism and they are very happy to see our assignment paper or solution. Please send us your assignment or homework, for free quote. We would be very happy to solve your assignment related to management subjects. Our contact details are:

E-mail: info@assignmenthelpexperts.com
Phone: 001-877-839-9989
Website: http://www.assignmenthelpexperts.com

Organisational Strategy and Organisation Structure

2011-04-04T02:23:00.000-07:00

Assignmenthelpexperts.blogspot.com is further to our different posts on strategic management perspectives. Organization structure and strategy should support each other otherwise it could be very difficult for an organization to achieve it strategic goals. As evident from the McKenzie 7S model that Structure and strategy are just two of the many interacting aspects of organizing.

Organization structure is an integral part in an organization strategy. Traditional approaches to organization structure have been like Simple, Functional, Multidivisional and Matrix (team and project based). Recent approaches toward organization structures have been Network and Virtual Organizations. Environments are becoming increasing turbulent and require new approached towards design the structures of organizations. As Clegg (1990) argues that traditional approaches were more keeping in mind stability, rationality, planning, control, command, centralization etc. while new approaches are more towards disorganization, charisma, spontaneity, empowerment, participation.

Mintzberg (1979) propose that an organization can be thought of being made as six building blocks which are ideology, strategic apex, middle line, techno structure, support staff and operating core. Based on this, Mintzberg proposed six organization configurations that are simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisionalised, adhocracy, and missionary.

Simple structure is more CEO control and has strategic apex as key part of its organization. Machine bureaucracy has large regulated tasks and processes and has techno structure as main part of organization. Professional bureaucracy has operating core as its main parts. Divisionalised structure is based on more standardization of output.

Organization structure is a constant trade off between centralization and devolution, efficiency and effectiveness, task and process, formality and informality. As a strategist, one has to constantly evaluate structure of the organization with organizations’ strategic goals.

If you would like to know more about how organization’ strategy and structure are interrelated, please do email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com for assignment help.

Organisational Culture and Strategic Management

2011-03-25T00:18:00.000-07:00

This is in continuation to our blog on Strategic Management Perspectives. One of the perspectives of strategy is that organization culture could have lot of impact on whether company’s strategy would be achieved or not. In simple words, organizational culture is the way a particular organization does things. Organization culture is the software of an organization that decides what kind of behavior is awarded and what is punished, what are the rules and operative procedures and what kind of management structure company follows. Schein (1984) has defined organizational culture as “the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems” (Schein, 1984). According to Graves (1986), it is the glue that hold organization together.

Culture and strategy are both social processes and many strategists argue that culture and strategy are interlinked. If a particular strategy, planned by strategist does not match with the organization culture than it could be almost impossible to achieve intended outcome from the planned strategy. There is no best culture and there is no best strategy. Fit between strategy and culture has to be very dynamic and continuously evolving.

There is a relation between resource based view of strategy and seeing organizational culture as strategy. According to resource based view, organizational competitive advantage is rooted in its capabilities and resources. Organization culture could be a great resource for company and could help company easily achieve its strategies and developing itself as a strategic capability.
It could be argued that organization culture could be definitely help or hinder in achieving a particular strategy however issue with organization culture is that can it be really influenced or modified as desired by the management and developed it as strategic capability. Organizational culture can be studies with several models such as 7S, Cultural Web by Johnson and Scholes, Handy’s (1985) typology, Schien’s three levels of culture.

A strategist shall pay a careful attention to fit between organization culture and strategy. However a particular organization culture should not justify inertia and shall be used to achieve organization goals.

If you need any strategic management or management assignment help then send us your query at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us at 001-877-839-9989

What is Logical Incrementalism with definition in Strategic Management?

2011-03-14T02:57:00.001-07:00

Quinn (1978) studied strategic management process of a range of companies and found that strategies of most of the companies do not come to existence by following a long term plan or merely a positioning approach or follow just environment led or resource based approach. Quinn (1978) coined the term ‘Logical Incrementalism’ to explain how the strategies of companies come in existence in real world.

Logical Incrementalism approach towards strategic management is that strategies are not formed and come in existence as some long term plans which are made once a while and then whole organization starts working on them. Rather strategies emerge over time in an incremental way. However, this incremental way is not random but logical as top managers make changes and take strategic decision as they learn by implementing small steps of strategies. There is constant critical evaluation of all the decisions that are taken to come to a realized strategy for businesses.

Strategies are made over a period of time and strategists formulate strategies by searching, experimenting, learning and not being tied to any one course of action. Process of strategic management is scattered, small steps and unstructured approach. Realized strategies of companies, according to Quinn (1978) are partly random and partly logical.

This approach helps companies to reduce risk in strategic decisions though managers may focus more on taking short term decisions. Companies also take investment decisions more prudently for strategic decision as they learn from their past decisions. Managers are expected to take decisions proactively as they come in terms with results of internal decisions and change in environment. In this approach towards developing strategies, managers are continuously negotiating with stakeholders to make a consensus for strategic decisions and a ‘muddling through’ approach in a logical manner is followed.

If you would like to know more about logical Incrementalism or other perspectives of strategic management, kindly write to us on info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or Visit www.assignmenthelpexperts.com (Assignment Help Center).

Save your Time and Money by Getting Assignment Help from Assignmenthelpexperts.com

2011-03-08T21:37:00.000-08:00

When you are studying in any school or university then you are loaded with lots of assignments. You must have to complete these assignments to get your degree i.e. it is very important that you work hard to pass in these assignments. These assignments are very lengthy and normally take lot of hours. Sometimes you may get stuck in an assignment and then it may be very difficult to get someone’s help with your assignments. This is where our services step in.

Assignmenthelpexperts.com is one of the best website that provides assignment and homework help to the students. Assignment help experts have very experienced writers and have very good knowledge of different referencing styles. Our experts are proficient in different standards of references like APA, Harvard, Oxford, and MLA. We ensure that all our writings are of very high academic standards and we use a good number of references from books and journal articles as required in most of the academic works.

Assignment help experts always provide non plagiarized assignment and homework help. Assignment help experts’ writers always double check that none of our work has any plagiarized content. We never engage in reselling of our content and misusing your identity or work for any reason whatsoever.

Our services are very reasonable priced. Assignment help experts’ provide very reasonable quotes to students of any difficulty assignment. Our experts have good number of tutors of different subjects. . Assignment help experts can solve any management, Finance, Economics, Mathematics’ and engineering related assignments. Assignment help experts wrote thousands of assignment with no complains without missing deadlines ever. Team of Assignment help experts provides the help to students 5th grade to the college and graduate level.

www.assignmenthelpexperts .com is the place to get solution of all your doubts or complete homework or assignment help of any subjects like Marketing , Finance, Accounting, Human Recourse, operation managements, Economics, Statistics, Engineering , Medical, Law, Computer programming like Java, C, C++, Vb, Vb.net, Data base ,website design and math.

Your assignment or homework will be given to our best and experienced assignment tutors and our experts provide the best and accurate response of your assignment help or homework help. You can e-mail us your school, college or university level assignments or home work and we assure you that you will receive accurate and non plagiarism paper.

Features of Assignment help Experts:

Get very reasonable quote of any difficult assignment within few minutes
Get Solution without missing the deadline
Get Non plagiarism and quality paper
Your paper will be solved by experienced tutors
Get your paper with proper references and we good knowledge of APA, Hayward, MLA and AGCL reference style.
We are available 24X7 in week. So, you can get reply of your any query in next few minutes.

Visit our site www.assignmenthelpexperts.com and send us your query at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us at 001-877-839-9989. We are sure that you would be delightful with our services. We always strive to do better than our client expectations. We always aim that our clients could learn maximum from our efforts.

Critical Evaluation Market Based and Resource Based View of Strategy

2011-03-06T22:33:00.000-08:00

In our previous posts, we discussed about strategy market based and research based view of strategy. Basically, Market based strategic view concerns the position of a company in the industry and emphasizes over the strategy of the company by strongly focusing over the environment in which company operates. In market based view of strategy is based over the external factors (Baier, 2008). On the other hand, resources based view concerns the capability of a company’s resources and internal factor for the purpose of maximum utilization. The strategies based over the resource views generally based over the internal factors. This blog will critically evaluate the Market based and Resource based view of strategy.

Critical Evaluation of Market based View

According to Poser (2003), market based view of strategy helps the organizations to identify and select competitive dimensions and promote the management to meet the appropriate winners. In the market based view of strategy, the main focus of strategy is to gain attractive position in the industry. Market based view is helpful in selecting the product market combination in which a company uses its strategy. With the help of market based view, a company analyzes the industry structure and according to the structure it creates its structure and strategy for effective positioning in the industry. For making effective and suitable strategy, company uses external resources in market based view that is quite effective to analyze the impact of external environment over the business operations (Poser, 2003). Market based view of strategy is also helpful in expansion plan for company and for this purpose, it considers political factors, customers, market condition, technology, social etc. factors for making strategy.

At the same time, the market based view of strategy also has some limitations. According to Poser (2003), market based view is a time consuming and costly process that may affect the decision making effectiveness of the businesses. This process takes lot of time in industry analysis. Market based view concern only external factors rather than internal factor of the company in order to explain competitive advantage that also limits the success of a business over external factors only. Market based view identify only competitive advantage that are based on the positioning advantage d doesn’t consider other areas that are also equally important.

Critical Evaluation of Resources based View

According to Connor (2002), resources based view is an important, essential and an inside-out management concept that is useful in developing successful strategy. Resources based view strategy identifies and emphasizes on the important of resources in achieving competitive advantage. It concerns the capability and effectiveness of internal resources. Both tangible and intangible resources are included in resources based view. The resources based view of strategy also creates a frame work for the executives to think about their strength and weakness, understand marketing issue that helps to improve corporate performance (Falkenreck, 2010).. This strategies based over this view are also helpful in understand the nature of internal resources ad their optimal utilization.

Resources based view suggests that a company should use the internal resources for gaining market advantages (Poser, 2003). Resources based view is a long term view and it satisfies the key characteristics of the strategy. Effective resources based view requires external environment knowledge for the purpose of effective resource utilization. Resources based view is also helpful in formulating mission statement and the company goal as different companies have different type of resources and can get market opportunity through its effective utilization.

Resources based view has a lot of advantage but at the same time, it also has a lot of loops and limitation. Resources based view of strategy concern only internal factors and on the basis of internal resources it determined the key characteristic of the resources. In resources based view, company determines the value of resources based on the characteristics of product markets (Priem, & Butler, 2001). It concern only individual company resources and explain how to exploit the resources, while the resource of competitors and changes in environment are also essential to determine the competitive advantages (Falkenreck, 2010). Thus, the resource based view is also not beneficial for a business individually. To increase the effectiveness of decision making, an organization should use combined views of strategy will be beneficial.

If you need further explanations about these concepts of strategy or any other management assignment help, please do visit our website www.assignmenthelpexpets.com or write us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or call us 001-877-839-9989

References
Baier, C. (2008). The Alignment Performance Link in Purchasing and Supply Management. Germany: Gabler Verlag.
Connor, T. (2002).The resource-based view of strategy and its value to practising managers. strategic change,11 (2002), 307-316.
Falkenreck, C. (2010). Reputation Transfer to Enter New B-to-B Markets: Measuring and Modelling Approaches. New York: Springer.
Priem, R. L. & Butler, J. E.(2001). Is the Resource-Based "View" a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research? .The Academy of Management Review, 26 (1), 22-40.
Poser,T. B.(2003). The Impact of Corporate Venture Capital: Potentials of Competitive Advantages for the Investing Company. Germany: DUV.

What is Resource Based View in Strategic Management?

2011-03-02T03:12:00.000-08:00

Almost all business management courses have a module that includes study of strategic management. Our homework helps experts have expertise in the field of strategic management. There are different perspectives and approaches to field of strategic management. This blog post would discuss in detail what resource based view of strategic management is.

This perspective stresses and based on the perspective that resources of the company whether tangible or intangible like brand name, assets, cash, customer loyalty, research and development capabilities are an important and main aspect while forming or pursuing a unique strategic position for a company. This concept of strategic management rather than being driven by the environment is internally resource driven and in this perspective of strategic management the organization is viewed as a collection of capabilities and competences. Organizations leverage new actives from its existing core competencies.

According to Barney (1991) analysis of the impact of a firm’s environment on its competitive position is based on two assumptions. First, firms within an industry or a strategic group are identical in terms of strategic relevant sources they control and the strategies they pursue and second, these models assume that should resources heterogeneity develop in an industry or group will be very short lived because the resources that firms use to implement their strategies are highly mobile i.e. they can be bought or sold in factor markets (Barney, 1991).

Resource based view assumes that companies within an industry or group may be heterogeneous with respect to the strategic resources they control and these are not perfectly mobile, thus heterogeneity can be long lasting (Barney, 1991). Simply, it is suggested that firm resources may be heterogeneous and immobile.

According to Daft (1983), "firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organisational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc. controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness". According to Barney (1991), firm resources that hold the potential for sustained competitive advantage must have four attributes which are valuable, rare, In-imitable, and non-substitutable.

So in resource based view of the firm, strategy of the firm is basically dependent on firms’ resources. This view again as the market based view is focus on some important aspects but at the same time ignores some other basic aspects of strategy formulation for a company. So resource based view of the firm is also not a balanced view.

We hope that this blog post is useful for the students and practitioners of the field of strategic management. Please email us to info@assignmenthelpexperts.com if you need any strategic management help regarding the module of strategic management.

Market and Mixed Economy Definitions with Advantage and Disadvantage

2011-02-25T01:35:00.000-08:00

A market economy is defined as an economic system in which the decisions regarding the whole economy of the country i.e. the production and distribution of goods and services and the pricing of goods and services occur with the help of free market mechanism (Mesa-Lago et al., 2003). On the other hand, mixed economy is defined as an economic system in which both the elements of capitalist economy and the socialist economy exist.

In market economy, the consumers and the businesses are free to take decisions of their own i.e. the decisions related to what to purchase and what to produce and also, there is less intervention of the government in the activities of the citizens (Ollman, 1999). In Mixed economy, the production, distribution and other types of economic activities are performed by both the private ownership and the state ownership i.e. the private sector and the government sector (Mixed Economy, 2008).

Advantage of Market Economy:

In the market economy, there is increased efficiency due to the presence of competition between different firms. The chances of innovation are higher in this economy because of the selling of new products in the market by the firms with the help of some inexpensive production methods. In this economy, the people are hard working due to which there are great opportunities to attract the foreign investors and earning higher profits (Baumol & Blinder, 2009). In this economy, the people acquire some technical and social knowledge and skills more quickly to perform effectively and there are a large number of goods available to the customers who have a high purchasing power.

Disadvantage of Market Economy:

In this economy, unemployment, social and economic inequalities grow very fast. There are chances of distorted investment priorities because of the concentration of wealth only towards earning profits rather than the basic needs of the people. In this economy, corruption and all kinds of economic crimes increase in all the sectors of society rapidly (Ollman, 2008). The market economy leads to the exploitation of workers and periodic economic crises. It also worsens the ecological degradation and reduces the social benefits and welfare of the people.

Advantage of Mixed Economy:

In a country, to increase the national production, mixed economy is considered to be very useful. In this economy, in order to bring out a huge amount of production, both the public sector and the private sector work hard. Mixed economy helps in solving the issues or problems created by the free enterprises and excessive public control (Mesa-Lago et al., 2003). Mixed economy allows political freedom as well as freedom of the enterprise ownership. It also provides different ways of earning profit as well as social welfare. In this economy, all the natural resources are utilized (Baumol & Blinder, 2009).

Disadvantage of Mixed Economy:

In achieving the optimal or the most favorable use of natural resources, mixed economy is not helpful. The chances of progress in the mixed economy are very less. This economy also suffers from continuous backwardness. In the mixed economy, there is a lack of coordination between the public sector and the private sector. The chances of economic fluctuations in the mixed economy are very high (Mixed Economy, 2008).

If you need economics assignment help or economics homework help or any further information about market economy and mixed economy so please email us your queries at info@assignmenthelpexperts.com or Call us: 001-877-839-9989

References:

Baumol, W.J. & Blinder, A.S. (2009). Economics: Principles and Policy (11th Edition). Cengage Learning.

Mesa-Lago, C. et al. (2003). Market, Socialist, and Mixed Economies: Comparative Policy and Performance--Chile, Cuba, and Costa Rica. Market, Socialist, and Mixed Economies. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Mixed Economy (2008). Retrieved February 22, 2008, from http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/world-economic-indicators/mixed-economy.html

Strategic Management and What is Strategy

2011-02-14T04:25:00.000-08:00

Field of strategy has several definitions and a common theme amongst these definitions is that strategy of a company is creating a unique ‘position’ of the company in the competitive landscape in which company operates by making trade-offs and creating a sustainable competitive advantage. There are different views on how a company can form its strategy. Two main perspectives of the field of strategic management are market based view and resource based view.

Market based view or school of strategy focuses its attention on the market i.e. environment and forces existing outside the company and recommends company to choose a strategic position according to the forces existing in the company micro and macro environment. Basically, this school of strategy argues that understanding industry and environment forces are important and essential to create a strategic position for the company.

While resource based view concentrates on analyzing thoroughly what are capabilities and resources of the company and according to that creating a competitive posting of the company. According to this school of thought companies shall deeply analysis its resources and try to convert these resources and capabilities into core competencies.

For more information about this topic please visit - Assignmenthelpexperts.com
- A Assignment Help Company

Multiple Integrals Tutorial and Double Integral Solutions with Examples

2011-01-11T02:38:00.000-08:00

Multiple Integrals

Multiple Integrals means during integration of one variable can be extended to the functions of more than one variable. The generalizations of define integrals is known as Multiple integral. Multiple integral covers several of topics such as:

Double Integrals
Iterated Integrals
Double Integrals in polar coordinates
Triple Integrals
Triple integrals in cylindrical coordinates

Note: Triple Integrals in spherical coordinates and Double Integrals over general regions.

Our well qualified tutors available 24/7 to solve any kind of problems related with this topic.

Best Quality Double Integral Problems and Detailed Solutions

Notation of Double Integral

This shows the double integral, over the reason of z of f(x,y).

Working Method of double integral

First Integral (A), Integrate with respect to y and x is assumed as a constant and evaluate the result between the limit y = f1(x) and y f2(x). After this we integrate the result of (A) with respect to x between the limit x=a and x=b.

Examples of Double Integrals
(1)

Step - 1
First we Integrate with respect to y and x is assumed as a constant between the limit y=0 and y=x.

Example-2

y = 3x

y = 5-2x

y = 0

Solving these three equations

y = 3x

y = 5 – 2x

y = 0

we get lines cut at (0,0) , (5/2, 0) and (1, 3)

thus limit of x will vary from x = 0 to 5/2.

And limit of y will vary from y = 3x to y = 5 – 2x

Area A = 25/8 Ans.

In above examples we have provided the procedure of double integral problems with examples and if you are still confuse to solve double integral problems then do let us know. We have very good team of tutors with 5 years of experience. We have done thousands of assignments related to double integral problems. I would be very happy to provide you assignment help. Please do send us your queries or assignment. We will provide you details solution with accuracy and our cost would be very reasonable.

Our contact details are following:

Email Id:info@assignmenthelpexperts.com

Toll Free Number: 001-877-839-9989

Website: http://www.assignmenthelpexperts.com/

How to Calculate Net Present Value with Example?

2011-01-07T03:22:00.000-08:00

Net present value is the difference between present value (PV) of cash inflows means initial investment and the present value (PV) of cash outflows mean future value. Net Present value in terms of money can be positive, negative and zero.

Following are the examples of NPV:

Example-1
John have $200,000 and he want to invest money in land. John thinks that the future value of the land would be $350,000. Then

Net Present Value (NPV) = future value of land – present value of land

NPV= $350,000 - $200,000
NPV = $150,000 ( positive)

From the above example we can conclude that John will get very good rate of return.

Example 2
Maria have $200,000 and he want to invest money in land. maria thinks that the future value of the land would be $190,000. Then

Net Present Value (NPV) = future value of land – present value of land

NPV= $190,000 - $200,000
NPV = -$10,000 ( Negtive)

From the above example we can conclude that the future value of the cash flows is less than the initial investment and Maria will get very less rate of return

Example: 3
Paul have $200,000 and he want to invest money in land. Paul thinks that the future value of the land would be $200,000. Then

Net Present Value (NPV) = future value of land – present value of land

NPV= $200,000 - $200,000
NPV = 0 ( Zero)

From the above example we can conclude that the future value of the cash flows is equally to initial investment and Paul will get the initial investment money.

General formula of NPV

Where T = Time period Ct = Cash inflow Co = Cash Out flow

I have provided the basic idea to calculate NPV. If you still any confusion to understand the NPV then do let us know. I have very good knowledge of finance subjects with 5 years of experience. I have done thousand of assignments. Please do send me your problems or assignment. I assure you that you will receive great quality of work from side.

Following are the my detail:

E-mail: info@assignmenthelpexperts.com
Phone Number: 001-877-839-9989
Website: http://www.assignmenthelpexperts.com/